What is the functionality of this pseudo element?

I am interested in understanding the purpose of the pseudo element and how it affects the layout without altering the existing markup.

Check out the code demo

div{
    border: 1px solid #000;
    height: 300px;
    
}
div:before{
    content: "";
    height: 100%; 
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
    
}

Exploring the effects on browser size:

I am curious about why only one line of the paragraph is aligned while using vertical-align: bottom;. When switching to this style, all lines would align at the bottom. I want to understand the specific behavior causing only one line to be affected by vertical alignment.

Any insights on this behavior? Let's discuss!

css

Answer №1

The pseudo-element in your div has a height of 100% which affects the line height of the first line to be 300px, while not impacting the other lines. The use of vertical-align: middle on the pseudo-element affects the alignment of the text on the same line. For more detailed information, refer to section 10.8 of the spec.

To achieve a similar effect without using a pseudo-element, you can adjust the line-height of the :first-line pseudo-element directly as shown in this example:

div {
    border: 1px solid #000;
    height: 300px;
}
div:first-line {
    line-height: 300px;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

This approach provides a clearer understanding as you are directly styling the first line of text instead of using a pseudo-element to manipulate it.

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