What is the CSS opacity gradient technique?

I want to achieve a similar effect as shown here, but my website's background color changes dynamically. Please note that the white overlay used in this example is not suitable for different backgrounds.

p {
    width: 300px;
    overflow: hidden;
    height: 50px;
    line-height: 50px;
    position: relative;
}
p:after {
    content: "";
    width: 100px;
    height: 50px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,0), rgba(255,255,255,1));
}

My goal was to create a CSS opacity gradient effect. Although this approach somewhat works, the code structure is messy. While I could potentially use jQuery with the second example, I am exploring if it can be achieved solely through CSS?

Answer №1

You have the option to implement this in CSS. Note that browser support may vary, with modern versions of Chrome, Safari, and Opera being the most compatible at the moment. For more details, refer to the results on Caniuse.

UPDATE: All browsers except IE now fully support all mentioned mask- properties.

CSS:

p {
    color: red;
    -webkit-mask-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, 
    from(rgba(0,0,0,1)), to(rgba(0,0,0,0)));
}

The key is to define a mask that functions as a gradient transitioning to invisibility (through alpha value).

Try out a demo with a solid background or customize it as needed.

DEMO

Note that standard image properties are also applicable for mask-image

p  {
  color: red;
  font-size: 30px;
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to left, rgba(0,0,0,1), rgba(0,0,0,0)), linear-gradient(to right, rgba(0,0,0,1), rgba(0,0,0,0));
  -webkit-mask-size: 100% 50%;
  -webkit-mask-repeat: no-repeat;
  -webkit-mask-position: left top, left bottom;
  }

div {
    background-color: lightblue;
}
<div><p>text text text text text ...</p></div>

Alternatively, another method supported by Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Opera involves using

mix-blend-mode: hard-light;

This approach introduces transparency when the color is gray. An overlay creates the desired transparency effect.

div {
  background-color: lightblue;
}

p {
  color: red;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  width: 200px;
  mix-blend-mode: hard-light;
}

p::after {
  position: absolute;
  content: "";
  left: 0px;
  top: 0px;
  height: 100%;
  width: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(transparent, gray);
  pointer-events: none;
}
<div><p>text text text text text ...</p></div>

Answer №2

To achieve a cool effect on text, besides using css mask as suggested by @vals, you can also employ a transparency gradient background and specify background-clip to be text.

First, create the desired gradient:

background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, 1) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%);

Next, apply the clipped background to the text:

background-clip: text;
color: transparent;

Check out the Demo here

https://jsfiddle.net/simonmysun/2h61Ljbn/4/

This technique was tested on Chrome 75 on Windows 10.

Supported platforms for this feature:

Answer №3

When considering a solution for the issue at hand, it seems that the unconventional method discussed in this related question might be the only CSS-based approach available.

However, if exploring JavaScript as an alternative, here is a potential workaround I came up with:

demo: utilizing a canvas element to create fading text over an animated backdrop

The concept involves overlaying your text-containing element and the canvas element. The actual text content remains within your element for selection purposes (since selecting canvas text isn't feasible), but is set to full transparency using rgba(0,0,0,0). This ensures visibility in older browsers like IE8 which lack RGBa and canvas support.

The idea is to replicate the text from your element onto the canvas using the same font attributes. Each letter drawn on the canvas aligns precisely with its counterpart in the visible text element.

Note that the canvas does not accommodate multi-line text naturally. Accordingly, you'll need to segment the text into words and add them gradually, monitoring the line width continuously. If the line exceeds the max allowable width (extracted by analyzing the text element's computed width), write it onto the canvas sans the last word, reset the line with this leftover word, and shift the y-coordinate for next line placement accordingly.

Justification of the text poses a challenge in this scenario. Achievable, yet more intricate, involving detailed calculation of step widths for writing word by word instead of line by line.

Keep in mind that resizing the text container obliges clearing and redrawing the canvas post each adjustment.

Here's the sample code:

HTML:

<article>
  <h1>Interacting Spiral Galaxies NGC 2207/ IC 2163</h1>
  <em class='timestamp'>February 4, 2004 09:00 AM</em>
  <section class='article-content' id='art-cntnt'>
    <canvas id='c' class='c'></canvas>In the direction of <!--and so on-->  
  </section>
</article>

CSS:

html {
  background: url(moving.jpg) 0 0;
  background-size: 200%;
  font: 100%/1.3 Verdana, sans-serif;
  animation: ani 4s infinite linear;
}
article {
  width: 50em; /* customize as needed ;) */
  padding: .5em;
  margin: 0 auto;
}
.article-content {
  position: relative;
  color: rgba(0,0,0,0);
  /* append slash to verify overlap *
  color: rgba(255,0,0,.5);/**/
}
.c {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: -1;
  top: 0; left: 0;
}
@keyframes ani { to { background-position: 100% 0; } }

JavaScript:

var wrapText = function(ctxt, s, x, y, maxWidth, lineHeight) {
  var words = s.split(' '), line = '', 
      testLine, metrics, testWidth, alpha = 1, 
      step = .8*maxWidth/ctxt.measureText(s).width;

  for(var n = 0; n < words.length; n++) {
    testLine = line + words[n] + ' ';
    metrics = ctxt.measureText(testLine);
    testWidth = metrics.width;
    if(testWidth > maxWidth) {
      ctxt.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,'+alpha+')';
      alpha  -= step;
      ctxt.fillText(line, x, y);
      line = words[n] + ' ';
      y += lineHeight;
    }
    else line = testLine;
  }
  ctxt.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,'+alpha+')';
  alpha  -= step;
  ctxt.fillText(line, x, y);
  return y + lineHeight;
}

window.onload = function() {
  var c = document.getElementById('c'), 
      ac = document.getElementById('art-cntnt'), 
      /* utilize currentStyle for IE9 */
      styles = window.getComputedStyle(ac),
      ctxt = c.getContext('2d'), 
      w = parseInt(styles.width.split('px')[0], 10),
      h = parseInt(styles.height.split('px')[0], 10),
      maxWidth = w, 
      lineHeight = parseInt(styles.lineHeight.split('px')[0], 10), 
      x = 0, 
      y = parseInt(styles.fontSize.split('px')[0], 10), 
      text = ac.innerHTML.split('</canvas>')[1];

  c.width = w;
  c.height = h;
  ctxt.font = '1em Verdana, sans-serif';
  wrapText(ctxt, text, x, y, maxWidth, lineHeight);
};

Answer №4

One possible approach is using CSS to achieve the desired effect.

html {
  background: #ffffff;
  background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 0, 0, .5) 0%, rgba(0, 255, 0, .5) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 255, .5) 100%);
}

Answer №5

Enclose your content in a tag and link it to your css category

mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0,0,0,1) 10%, rgba(0,0,0,.8) 30%, rgba(0,0,0,.6) 40%, rgba(0,0,0,0) 100%);
-webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0,0,0,1) 10%, rgba(0,0,0,.8) 30%, rgba(0,0,0,.6) 40%, rgba(0,0,0,0) 100%);

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