What causes a div to shift to the right when the margin-left is set to auto?

I am curious to understand why setting the margin-left of the div with id="pink" to auto causes the div to move to the right side. Take a look at the image below:

HTML

 <div id="aqua">aqua</div> 
 <div id="yellow">yellow</div> 
 <div id="pink">pink</div>

CSS

#aqua, #yellow, #pink { border:1px solid blue;}

#pink { width:150px;
   margin-left:auto;
 }

https://i.sstatic.net/VL8CO.png

Please check out this Fiddle.

Answer №1

Initially, with the margin-left set to auto, the margins and padding of the div are all zero width, while the borders have a width of 1px.

For block-level elements in normal flow, the following equation must be true:

'margin-left' + 'border-left-width' + 'padding-left' + 'width' 
+ 'padding-right' + 'border-right-width' + 'margin-right' 
= width of containing block

However, when all the values are set as such, the equation becomes impossible, causing the div to be considered "over-constrained." Consequently, the margin-right property is adjusted to rectify this issue, positioning the content box on the left side of the container.

By setting margin-left:auto, the div is no longer over-constrained, and the margin-left value is recalculated accordingly to satisfy the equation mentioned earlier. This results in the content box being located on the right side of the container.


Understanding this equation can provide valuable insights into various CSS layout behaviors. Further information can be found at https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/visudet.html#blockwidth

Answer №2

Using the "Auto" property instructs the element to occupy all of the available space within its container. The width will be calculated by subtracting the div's width from the container's width.

Answer №3

To ensure that #pink is in the center of the page, adjust both the margin-left and margin-right to auto.

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