Despite all my efforts, I am facing an issue with Outlook adding an unwanted gap after one of my tables in my responsive email design. I have tried various solutions such as adding border-collapse:collapse, dividing tables, and using block styling for images, but none seem to be effective. Any assistance or advice on how to resolve this matter would be greatly appreciated.
You can access the HTML here. For a visual representation of the issue, refer to the image example here.