Why isn't my margin: auto code centering correctly?

My current struggle involves centering a div within the document. While I have successfully achieved horizontal centering, vertical centering remains elusive:

width: 950px;
height: 630px;
background: #FFFFFF;
margin: auto;

Is it not expected that margin: auto would position the div in the center of its container (the page itself, in this context)? I had previously found a workaround for this issue, but unfortunately, it is no longer effective. Understanding my mistake would be greatly beneficial so that I can avoid repeating it in the future.

Answer №1

margin: auto won't vertically center elements.

If you need to support older browsers, set a fixed height for your div:

div {
    position: relative;
    top: 50%;
    width: 750px;
    height: 500px; /* adjust based on your needs */
    margin: -250px auto 0; /* half the height */
}

Check out the fiddle here: http://jsfiddle.net/2qmVX/


If IE8 and below are not a concern, use this for fluid height:

div {
    position: relative;
    top: 50%;
     margin: auto;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    /* include vendor prefixes... */
}

View the fiddle here: http://jsfiddle.net/VMaVM/ (recommended for modern browsers only).


Update: @FabrícioMatté mentioned that setting 100% height on html & body elements is also necessary:

html, body {
    height: 100%;
}

Check out the demos above.

Answer №2

Vertical alignment in CSS has its challenges, with even CSS3 struggling to fully address the issue.

Fortunately, for fixed-height elements like yours, achieving vertical centering is possible by manipulating the top and left properties along with negative values for margin-top and margin-left using absolute positioning:

background: #FFFFFF;
width: 950px;
height: 630px;
top: 50%;
left: 50%;
margin: -315px 0 0 -425px; /*negative half of height and width*/
position: absolute;

Check out the Demo / View source code

Note that negative margins may behave unexpectedly on smaller screen resolutions compared to the size of the div.


Another method involves using a table for centering content but is considered more of a hack. Utilizing the vertical-align:middle property on a table cell mimics the effect of the old attribute valign="center". Here's how the HTML structure would look:

<table class="vcenter"><tr><td>
    <div id="myDiv">This content is vertically centered</div>
</td></tr></table>

Accompanied by the following CSS rules:

.vcenter {
    vertical-align: middle;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}
#myDiv {
    background: #FFF;
    width: 950px;
    height: 630px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}
html, body { height: 100%; }

See the Demo here / Source code available

This method boasts cross-browser compatibility, having been tested on IE6 and above, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, and Safari. While not specifically validated for mobile browsers, it should still function accordingly. Additionally, this approach avoids scrolling issues at lower resolutions and has been successfully used for centered modals on a live website.

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