using padding to vertically center an input element

Hey everyone, a few days ago I faced a challenge with centering an input element and someone suggested a solution which worked perfectly. You can view the solution on Stack Overflow.

The CSS for centering the input element is quite simple and standard:

header {
    position: relative;
}
header img {
    display: block;
    max-width: 100%;
}
.location-search-container {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
}
.input-group {
    margin-top: -17px;
    top: 50%;
    position: absolute;
}

However, the same person also suggested another unique solution using padding. Although I found it less complicated, I couldn't fully grasp how it was achieving the desired result. Here is the code snippet with padding:

header {
    position: relative;
}
header img {
    display: block;
    max-width: 100%;
}
.location-search-container {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    padding-top: 30%;
}
.input-group {
    margin-top: -17px;
}

You can see the modified solution here.

It seems that padding-top:30% is the key to achieving the desired outcome. Can someone provide a simple explanation of how this works? It appears to be a cleaner and more elegant solution in my opinion. When I asked the individual who provided the solution, they mentioned the following:

As I said, top padding uses the parent's width as a basis. Depending on aspect ratio, it must be larger or smaller than half the parent height.

Despite their explanation, I'm still struggling to understand. Could someone simplify this for me?

Thank you,

Alex-Z.

Answer №1

The original dimensions of the image are 1200 x 700 pixels, but it is dynamically adjusted to fit the width of the window. For instance, if the window is 1000 pixels wide, the height of the image would be calculated as 700 x 1000 / 1200, resulting in 583 pixels. The aspect ratio of height to width remains constant at approximately 0.583, or around 60%.

By using the CSS rule padding:top: 30%, the browser is instructed to apply top padding that is 30% of the container's width. It's important to note that with padding properties, the percentage value is always relative to the width even though it affects the vertical positioning and sizing, as seen in the case of padding-top.

The calculation reveals that 30% corresponds to half of roughly 60%, showcasing a straightforward relationship between these values. Voila!

Answer №2

There are two ways to achieve the same result. One involves positioning an element absolutely and pushing it a certain percentage down the page. The second method, which is more cleaner, uses a percentage value that eliminates the need for any offsets. The original approach pushes the element further than necessary and then pulls it back slightly.

Alternatively, you can use transform: translateY(-50%);, although this may be more limited in terms of cross-browser compatibility. There are numerous techniques available in CSS, some considered more 'valid' than others.

http://davidwalsh.name/css-vertical-center

Answer №3

When calculating margin values as a percentage, browsers use the width of the parent element, which can be a bit perplexing.

However, this approach makes sense logically since margins are typically used to create equal spacing between elements on all sides.

For alignment purposes, you can utilize the top, left, bottom, right properties of your elements with a position: absolute; setting. These properties will take into account the height and width of non-position: static; parents when using percentages.

In your specific scenario, consider using top: 50%; for the .location-search-container class and applying a negative margin-top:-17px; to adjust the element's position to the center. Alternatively, you could opt for transform: translateY(-50%), eliminating the need to specify pixel values for element dimensions, especially if you don't need to support older browser versions.

Check out this [example](http://www.fiddle.com) that demonstrates how to center your element both vertically and horizontally using the transform property. You could also achieve similar results by adjusting margins, but keep in mind you'd have to set half of your element's width and height in pixels.

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