I am curious if script files are able to utilize the DEFER and ASYNC keywords on a resource include. Are these keywords also compatible with stylesheet (CSS) includes?
The syntax I imagine would be:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./path/to/style.css" defer />
I'm unsure if this is permissible or not.
Defer and Async are unique attributes of the <script> tag only. You can learn more about this at this link.
It's essential to note that these attributes won't function in other tags since they are specific to scripts. Unlike scripts, stylesheets contain static styles and do not involve any logic for parallel execution or post-loading activities on a webpage.
One possible solution is to implement the following code:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/style.css" media="none" onload="if(media!=='all')media='all'" >
In addition, you can create a noscript fallback
Acknowledgment:
Insert the following code snippet above the closing </body> tag in your HTML file
<script type="text/javascript">
/* Load First CSS File */
var acknowledgement1 = document.createElement('link');
acknowledgement1.rel = 'stylesheet';
acknowledgement1.href = '../css/yourfirstcssfile.css';
acknowledgement1.type = 'text/css';
var defer1 = document.getElementsByTagName('link')[0];
defer1.parentNode.insertBefore(acknowledgement1, defer1);
/* Load Second CSS File */
var acknowledgement2 = document.createElement('link');
acknowledgement2.rel = 'stylesheet';
acknowledgement2.href = '../css/yoursecondcssfile.css';
acknowledgement2.type = 'text/css';
var defer2 = document.getElementsByTagName('link')[0];
defer2.parentNode.insertBefore(acknowledgement2, defer2);
</script>
In September 2020, I discovered that Chrome now has built-in support for deferring CSS using the rel="preload" attribute to asynchronously load the file.
<link href="main.css" rel="stylesheet" rel="preload" as="style">
To ensure compatibility with most browsers, a more comprehensive approach involves using JavaScript and adding a noscript option for situations where JavaScript is disabled.
<link href="main.css" rel="preload" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'">
<noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="main.css"></noscript>
Although there is no official documentation on this, here are my observations:
Testing Method
What I Examined
I had a stylesheet that imported custom fonts and applied them to the text.
Before:
The text using the custom font remained invisible until it fully loaded and then appeared on the page.
After/Result:
Therefore, the outcome was that the text became visible immediately as the page started rendering, initially using the fallback font, and then switching to the custom font after some time.
It appears that Google Chrome supports defer on <link> tags, even if this feature is not publicly documented...
Beacon appears to be fond of the following:
<script>
window.addEventListener('load', () => {
let stylesheet = document.createElement('link');
stylesheet.rel = 'stylesheet';
stylesheet.type = 'text/css';
stylesheet.href = "/path/to/style.css";
document.head.appendChild(stylesheet)
})
</script>
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