How do you keep the <footer> element anchored to the bottom of a webpage using HTML5 and CSS3?

When the position property is set to relative with no content, the footer moves up. However, when set to absolute with a lot of content, the footer moves down. And with fixed, the footer remains in place at all times.

Is there a simple way to ensure that the footer always stays at the end of the page, regardless of the amount of content, and adjusts its position based on the content?

In cases where there is a large amount of content, the footer appears at the bottom of the first page. Conversely, when there is minimal content, it will be positioned at the very bottom of the page.

html, body {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
}

body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

header {
  background-color: #333;
  color: white;
  padding: 20px;
}

main {
  flex: 1; /* Grow to fill remaining vertical space */
  text-align: center;
  padding: 20px;
}

footer {
  background-color: #333;
  color: white;
  padding: 20px;
  margin-top: auto; /* Push footer to the bottom */
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
    <header>
    header
    </header>

    <main>
    main
    </main>

    <footer>
    footer
    </footer>
</body>
</html>

Answer №1

Make the footer's positioning change from position: relative; to position:fixed;

 footer {
            background-color: #333;
            width: 100%;
            bottom: 0;
            position: fixed;
        }

Here is an example link: http://jsfiddle.net/a6RBm/

Answer №2

Below is a sample demonstrating the use of CSS3:

CSS:

html, body {
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
}
#wrap {
    padding: 10px;
    min-height: -webkit-calc(100% - 100px);     /* Chrome */
    min-height: -moz-calc(100% - 100px);     /* Firefox */
    min-height: calc(100% - 100px);     /* native */
}
.footer {
    position: relative;
    clear:both;
}

HTML:

<div id="wrap">
    body content....
</div>
<footer class="footer">
    footer content....
</footer>

Visit jsfiddle for live example

Update
According to @Martin's suggestion, the ´position: relative´ and clear:both on the .footer element are not necessary. These properties were included as an illustration. The essential CSS needed to keep the footer at the bottom would be:

html, body {
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
}
#wrap {
    min-height: -webkit-calc(100% - 100px);     /* Chrome */
    min-height: -moz-calc(100% - 100px);     /* Firefox */
    min-height: calc(100% - 100px);     /* native */
}

Additionally, there is a helpful article on css-tricks showcasing various methods to achieve this: Check out the article here

Answer №3

Implementing this code would be perfect for HTML 5!

#footer {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 60px;
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
}

Answer №4

To ensure the footer stays fixed, change the position attribute to "fixed" for the footer element instead of using relative positioning.

Check out this demo on Jsbin

It's also important to remember to add a margin-bottom to the main element that is at least the same height as the footer element (e.g. margin-bottom: 1.5em;). This will prevent any overlap between the main content and the footer in certain situations.

Answer №5

Utilizing Flexbox to keep the footer fixed at the bottom has never been easier, as demonstrated in the following code snippet.

    body {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      min-height: 100vh; /* Ensures minimum height is equal to viewport height */
    }

    main {
      flex: 1; /* Allows main content to expand and occupy available space */
    }

    footer {
      background-color: #f0f0f0;
      padding: 10px;
      text-align: center;
    }
<body>
   <main>
    <!-- Your main content goes here -->
    <p>Your content goes here.</p>
   </main>

   <footer>
    <!-- Your footer content goes here -->
    <p>&copy; 2023 Your Website Footer</p>
   </footer>
  </body>

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