This is my innovative solution for easily embedding and styling SVG images using CSS.
Traditionally, accessing and manipulating SVG elements with CSS has been a challenge without the use of complex JS frameworks. My method simplifies this process, making it straightforward to create simple icons with hover effects.
Inspired by text-to-image replacement techniques, I developed a unique approach specifically for SVG files that streamlines the customization process.
Here's the question:
To begin, incorporate an SVG graphic using an IMG tag within your HTML code. I personally created the graphic using Adobe Illustrator.
<img id="facebook-logo" class="svg social-link" src="/images/logo-facebook.svg"/>
This process is similar to embedding a regular image. Do remember to assign the IMG element a class of svg. The 'social-link' class is just for demonstration purposes. While not mandatory, the ID attribute can be quite useful.
Next, utilize the following jQuery script (either in a separate file or directly in the HEAD section).
/**
* Replace all SVG images with inline SVG
*/
jQuery('img.svg').each(function(){
var $img = jQuery(this);
var imgID = $img.attr('id');
var imgClass = $img.attr('class');
var imgURL = $img.attr('src');
jQuery.get(imgURL, function(data) {
// Extract the SVG tag and disregard the rest
var $svg = jQuery(data).find('svg');
// Assign the replaced image's ID to the new SVG
if(typeof imgID !== 'undefined') {
$svg = $svg.attr('id', imgID);
}
// Transfer the replaced image's classes to the new SVG
if(typeof imgClass !== 'undefined') {
$svg = $svg.attr('class', imgClass+' replaced-svg');
}
// Eliminate any invalid XML tags as recommended by http://validator.w3.org
$svg = $svg.removeAttr('xmlns:a');
// Substitute the original image with the new SVG
$img.replaceWith($svg);
}, 'xml');
});
The objective of the above code snippet is to search for all IMG elements with the 'svg' class and substitute them with inline SVG content retrieved from the linked file. This approach has the major advantage of enabling you to alter the color of the SVG utilizing CSS, such as:
svg:hover path {
fill: red;
}
Moreover, the jQuery code ensures that the initial images' ID and classes are preserved, hence enabling CSS rules similar to these:
#facebook-logo:hover path {
fill: red;
}
Or:
.social-link:hover path {
fill: red;
}
You can observe a live demonstration of this technique here:
A more intricate version incorporating caching can be found here: https://github.com/funkhaus/style-guide/blob/master/template/js/site.js#L32-L90
Design
svg path {
fill: #000;
}
Customization
$(document).ready(function() {
$('img[src$=".svg"]').each(function() {
var $img = jQuery(this);
var imgURL = $img.attr('src');
var attributes = $img.prop("attributes");
$.get(imgURL, function(data) {
// Fetch the SVG tag, exclude everything else
var $svg = jQuery(data).find('svg');
// Eliminate any invalid XML tags
$svg = $svg.removeAttr('xmlns:a');
// Go through IMG attributes and apply them on SVG
$.each(attributes, function() {
$svg.attr(this.name, this.value);
});
// Substitute IMG with SVG
$img.replaceWith($svg);
}, 'xml');
});
});
Now, with the emergence of modern browsers (excluding IE11), you have the capability to utilize the CSS filter property. This feature extends its functionality beyond regular elements by also supporting SVG images. When it comes to color modifications, options like hue-rotate or invert are at your disposal, although adjusting individual colors separately is not possible. For instance, a CSS class can be applied to display an "disabled" version of an icon, turning the original saturated SVG picture into a light grey appearance:
.disabled {
opacity: 0.4;
filter: grayscale(100%);
-webkit-filter: grayscale(100%);
}
This alteration presents a light grey visualization in most browsers, while in IE and possibly Opera Mini, the fading effect due to the opacity remains noticeable, offering a different but satisfactory result that may not exactly align with greyscale.
Below showcases four distinct CSS classes applied to a bell icon from Twemoji: the original (yellow), the aforementioned "disabled" class, a hue-rotate transformed variant (green), and an invert manipulated one (blue).
.twa-bell {
background-image: url("https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/svg/1f514.svg");
display: inline-block;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: center center;
height: 3em;
width: 3em;
margin: 0 0.15em 0 0.3em;
vertical-align: -0.3em;
background-size: 3em 3em;
}
.grey-out {
opacity: 0.4;
filter: grayscale(100%);
-webkit-filter: grayscale(100%);
}
.hue-rotate {
filter: hue-rotate(90deg);
-webkit-filter: hue-rotate(90deg);
}
.invert {
filter: invert(100%);
-webkit-filter: invert(100%);
}<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<span class="twa-bell"></span>
<span class="twa-bell grey-out"></span>
<span class="twa-bell hue-rotate"></span>
<span class="twa-bell invert"></span>
</body>
</html>Another option is to implement CSS clip-path. Although browser support may not be 100%, you can always provide a fallback solution.
.container {
background: green;
clip-path: polygon(50% 0%, 100% 50%, 50% 100%, 0% 50%);
}
By adding files using PHP include or including via your preferred CMS, you can easily insert SVG code into your webpage without cluttering the markup. This method is just as effective as directly embedding the SVG source.
An added advantage is being able to style different parts of your SVG with CSS for hover effects, eliminating the need for any JavaScript.
To see an example, check out this link: http://codepen.io/chriscoyier/pen/evcBu
To apply a hover effect, simply use a CSS rule like the following:
#pathidorclass:hover { fill: #303 !important; }
Remember to include the !important declaration to ensure the fill color override takes effect.
TL/DR: Visit this link for a quick solution -> https://codepen.io/sosuke/pen/Pjoqqp
Here's the breakdown:
If you have an html structure like this:
<img src="/img/source.svg" class="myClass">
It's best to go with the filter approach, especially if your SVG is black or white. You can apply a filter to change its color to whatever you desire. For instance, if you have a black SVG and want it to be mint green, you can first invert it to white (which encompasses all RGB colors at full intensity) and then adjust the hue, saturation, etc. Here's an example of how you can do it:
filter: invert(86%) sepia(21%) saturate(761%) hue-rotate(92deg) brightness(99%) contrast(107%);
An even easier option is to use a tool that converts the hex code of your desired color into a suitable filter for you. Check out this tool here: https://codepen.io/sosuke/pen/Pjoqqp
@John Doe provided an excellent solution for resolving the issue at hand. The code is functioning correctly, but there may be excessive reliance on jQuery for users of AngularJS. As a result, it seems beneficial to offer an alternative code snippet tailored specifically for AngularJS users, inspired by @John Doe's solution.
Implementation in AngularJS
1. HTML: Include the following tag in your HTML file:
<svg-image src="/icons/my.svg" class="any-custom-class"></svg-image>
2. Directive: Define a directive to identify and handle the above tag:
'use strict';
angular.module('myApp')
.directive('svgImage', ['$http', function($http) {
return {
restrict: 'E',
link: function(scope, element) {
var imgURL = element.attr('src');
var request = $http.get(
imgURL,
{'Content-Type': 'application/xml'}
);
scope.manipulateImgNode = function(data, elem){
var $svg = angular.element(data)[4];
var imgClass = elem.attr('class');
if(typeof(imgClass) !== 'undefined') {
var classes = imgClass.split(' ');
for(var i = 0; i < classes.length; ++i){
$svg.classList.add(classes[i]);
}
}
$svg.removeAttribute('xmlns:a');
return $svg;
};
request.success(function(data){
element.replaceWith(scope.manipulateImgNode(data, element));
});
}
};
}]);
3. CSS:
.any-custom-class{
border: 1px solid red;
height: 300px;
width: 120px
}
4. Unit Testing with Karma-Jasmine:
'use strict';
describe('Directive: svgImage', function() {
var $rootScope, $compile, element, scope, $httpBackend, apiUrl, data;
beforeEach(function() {
module('myApp');
inject(function($injector) {
$rootScope = $injector.get('$rootScope');
$compile = $injector.get('$compile');
$httpBackend = $injector.get('$httpBackend');
apiUrl = $injector.get('apiUrl');
});
scope = $rootScope.$new();
element = angular.element('<svg-image src="/icons/icon-man.svg" class="svg"></svg-image>');
element = $compile(element)(scope);
spyOn(scope, 'manipulateImgNode').andCallThrough();
$httpBackend.whenGET(apiUrl + 'me').respond(200, {});
data = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>' +
'<!-- Generator: Adobe Illustrator 17.0.0, SVG Export Plug-In . SVG Version: 6.00 Build 0) -->' +
'<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">' +
'<!-- Obj -->' +
'<!-- Obj -->' +
'<svg version="1.1" id="Capa_1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px"' +
'width="64px" height="64px" viewBox="0 0 64 64" enable-background="new 0 0 64 64" xml:space="preserve">' +
'<g>' +
'<path fill="#F4A902" d=""/>' +
'<path fill="#F4A902" d=""/>' +
'</g>' +
'</svg>';
$httpBackend.expectGET('/icons/icon-man.svg').respond(200, data);
});
afterEach(function() {
$httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingExpectation();
$httpBackend.verifyNoOutstandingRequest();
});
it('should call manipulateImgNode at least once', function () {
$httpBackend.flush();
expect(scope.manipulateImgNode.callCount).toBe(1);
});
it('should return correct result', function () {
$httpBackend.flush();
var result = scope.manipulateImgNode(data, element);
expect(result).toBeDefined();
});
it('should define classes', function () {
$httpBackend.flush();
var result = scope.manipulateImgNode(data, element);
var classList = ["svg"];
expect(result.classList[0]).toBe(classList[0]);
});
});
While I understand your preference for using CSS to achieve this, it's worth noting that for smaller, simpler images, you can always open them in Notepad++ and adjust the path or fill attribute:
<path style="fill:#050102;" d="M694.228,309.890c13.897-18.326,28.750-35.245,21.103-57.803
...
C712.105,342.689,702.466,323.754,694.228,309.890z"/>
This approach could potentially save a lot of unnecessary scripting. It might seem overly simplistic, but sometimes the most straightforward solutions are overlooked.
In fact, replacing multiple SVG images might result in a smaller file size compared to some elaborate code snippets provided for similar queries.
To address this issue within AngularJS, I created a custom directive. You can find the solution here - ngReusableSvg.
This directive swaps out the SVG element once it's rendered, placing it within a div element to allow for easy CSS customization. This enables using the same SVG file in multiple locations with different sizes and colors.
Using the directive is straightforward:
<object oa-reusable-svg
data="my_icon.svg"
type="image/svg+xml"
class="svg-class"
height="30" // added to prevent UI issues during switching
width="30">
</object>
With this setup, you can easily apply styles like:
.svg-class svg {
fill: red; // choose your desired color
}
Check out this implementation of knockout.js that is based on the accepted solution:
Note: Please keep in mind that this code does rely on jQuery for the replacement process, although it could be beneficial for some users.
ko.bindingHandlers.svgConvert = {
'init': function () {
return { 'controlsDescendantBindings': true };
},
'update': function (element, valueAccessor, allBindings, viewModel, bindingContext) {
var $img = $(element);
var imgID = $img.attr('id');
var imgClass = $img.attr('class');
var imgURL = $img.attr('src');
$.get(imgURL, function (data) {
// Extract the SVG tag from the data
var $svg = $(data).find('svg');
// Add the original image's ID to the new SVG
if (typeof imgID !== 'undefined') {
$svg = $svg.attr('id', imgID);
}
// Add the original image's classes to the new SVG
if (typeof imgClass !== 'undefined') {
$svg = $svg.attr('class', imgClass + ' replaced-svg');
}
// Remove any invalid XML tags as suggested by http://validator.w3.org
$svg = $svg.removeAttr('xmlns:a');
// Replace the image with the new SVG
$img.replaceWith($svg);
}, 'xml');
}
};
To use this, simply add data-bind="svgConvert: true" to your img tag.
This method completely swaps out the img tag with an SVG, meaning any additional bindings will not apply.
Discover SVGInject, an open-source library that utilizes the onload attribute to trigger injection. The GitHub project can be found at https://github.com/iconfu/svg-inject
Check out this simple example using SVGInject:
<html>
<head>
<script src="svg-inject.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<img src="image.svg" onload="SVGInject(this)" />
</body>
</html>
Once the image is loaded, the onload="SVGInject(this) function will initiate injection where the <img> element will be replaced by the content of the SVG file specified in the src attribute.
This method addresses various issues related to SVG injection including:
Ability to hide SVGs until injection completion to prevent initial styling causing a brief flash of unstyled content.
Automatic self-injection for <img> elements, eliminating the need to manually call the injection function when adding SVGs dynamically.
Inclusion of a unique string to each ID in the SVG to avoid duplication in the document if the same SVG is injected multiple times.
Utilizing plain Javascript, SVGInject is compatible with all SVG-supporting browsers.
Note: I am one of the co-authors of SVGInject
Check out this code snippet without using any frameworks, just pure JavaScript:
document.querySelectorAll('img.svg').forEach(function(element) {
var imgID = element.getAttribute('id')
var imgClass = element.getAttribute('class')
var imgURL = element.getAttribute('src')
xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if(xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
var svg = xhr.responseXML.getElementsByTagName('svg')[0];
if(imgID != null) {
svg.setAttribute('id', imgID);
}
if(imgClass != null) {
svg.setAttribute('class', imgClass + ' replaced-svg');
}
svg.removeAttribute('xmlns:a')
if(!svg.hasAttribute('viewBox') && svg.hasAttribute('height') && svg.hasAttribute('width')) {
svg.setAttribute('viewBox', '0 0 ' + svg.getAttribute('height') + ' ' + svg.getAttribute('width'))
}
element.parentElement.replaceChild(svg, element)
}
}
xhr.open('GET', imgURL, true)
xhr.send(null)
})
In the case where we have a large number of svg images, using font-files can be beneficial as well.
We can utilize websites such as to generate a font file from our svgs.
For example:
@font-face {
font-family: 'iconFont';
src: url('iconFont.eot');
}
#target{
color: white;
font-size:96px;
font-family:iconFont;
}
To work with SVG, all you need is the content since it's essentially code. I personally used PHP to retrieve the content, but feel free to use any other method.
<?php
$content = file_get_contents($pathToSVG);
?>
After obtaining the content, I displayed it as it is within a div container.
<div class="fill-class"><?php echo $content;?></div>
Next, I applied styles to the SVG elements inside the container using CSS.
.fill-class > svg {
fill: orange;
}
This approach worked well when dealing with a material icon SVG:
https://i.stack.imgur.com/hny3K.jpg
https://i.stack.imgur.com/shBNk.jpg
Utilize the data-image attribute to access SVG inline by providing a data-URI.
Implement a rollover effect using CSS and SVG exclusively.
This method may seem a bit disorganized, but it gets the job done.
.action-btn {
background-size: 20px 20px;
background-position: center center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
border-width: 1px;
border-style: solid;
border-radius: 30px;
height: 40px;
width: 60px;
display: inline-block;
}
.delete {
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=UTF-8,%3csvg version='1.1' id='Capa_1' fill='#FB404B' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' x='0px' y='0px' width='482.428px' height='482.429px' viewBox='0 0 482.428 482.429' style='enable-background:new 0 0 482.428 482.429;' xml:space='preserve'%3e%3cg%3e%3<g%3e%3cpath d='M381.163,57.799h-75.094C302.323,25.316,274.686,0,241.214,0c-33.471,0-61.104,25.315-64.85,57.799h-75.098 c-30.39,0-55.111,24.728-55.111,55.117v2.828c0,23.223,14.46,43.1,34.83,51.199v260.369c0,30.39,24.724,55.117,55.112,55.117 h210.236c30.389,0,55.111-24.729,55.111-55.117V166.944c20.369-8.1,34.83-27.977,34.83-51.199v-2.828 C436.274,82.527,411.551,57.799,381.163,57.799z M241.214,26.139c19.037,0,34.927,13.645,38.443,31.66h-76.879 C206.293,39.783,222.184,26.139,241.214,26.139z M375.305,427.312c0,15.978-13,28.979-28.973,28.979H136.096 c-15.973,0-28.973-13.002-28.973-28.979V170.861h268.182V427.312z M410.135,115.744c0,15.978-13,28.979-28.973,28.979H101.266 c-15.973,0-28.973-13.001-28.973-28.979v-2.828c0-15.978,13-28.979,28.973-28.979h279.897c15.973,0,28.973,13.001,28.973,28.979 V115.744z'/%3e%3cpath d='M171.144,422.863c7.218,0,13.069-5.853,13.069-13.068V262.641c0-7.216-5.852-13.07-13.069-13.07 c-7.217,0-13.069,5.854-13.069,13.07v147.154C158.074,417.012,163.926,422.863,171.144,422.863z'/%3e%3cpath d='M241.214,422.863c7.218,0,13.07-5.853,13.07-13.068V262.641c0-7.216-5.854-13.07-13.07-13.07 c-7.217,0-13.069,5.854-13.069,13.07v147.154C228.145,417.012,233.996,422.863,241.214,422.863z'/%3e%3cpath d='M311.284,422.863c7.217,0,13.068-5.853,13.068-13.068V262.641c0-7.216-5.852-13.07-13.068-13.07 c-7.219,0-13.07,5.854-13.07,13.07v147.154C298.213,417.012,304.067,422.863,311.284,422.863z'/%3e%3c/g%3e</g>%3c/svg%3e ");
border-color:#FB404B;
}
.delete:hover {
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=UTF-8,%3csvg version='1.1' id='Capa_1' fill='#fff' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' x='0px' y='0px' width='482.428px' height='482.429px' viewBox='0 0 482.428 482.429' style='enable-background:new 0 0 482.428 482.429;' xml:space='preserve'%3e%3cg%3e%3<g%3e%3cpath d='M381.163,57.799h-75.094C302.323,25.316,274.686,0,241.214,0c-33.471,0-61.104,25.315-64.85,57.799h-75.098 c-30.39,0-55.111,24.728-55.111,55.117v2.828c0,23.223,14.46,43.1,34.83,51.199v260.369c0,30.39,24.724,55.117,55.112,55.117 h210.236c30.389,0,55.111-24.729,55.111-55.117V166.944c20.369-8.1,34.83-27.977,34.83-51.199v-2.828 C436.274,82.527,411.551,57.799,381.163,57.799z M241.214,26.139c19.037,0,34.927,13.645,38.443,31.66h-76.879 C206.293,39.783,222.184,26.139,241.214,26.139z M375.305,427.312c0,15.978-13,28.979-28.973,28.979H136.096 c-15.973,0-28.973-13.002-28.973-28.979V170.861h268.182V427.312z M410.135,115.744c0,15.978-13,28.979-28.973,28.979H101.266 c-15.973,0-28.973-13.001-28.973-28.979v-2.828c0-15.978,13-28.979,28.973-28.979h279.897c15.973,0,28.973,13.001,28.973,28.979 V115.744z'/%3e%3cpath d='M171.144,422.863c7.218,0,13.069-5.853,13.069-13.068V262.641c0-7.216-5.852-13.07-13.069-13.07 c-7.217,0-13.069,5.854-13.069,13.07v147.154C158.074,417.012,163.926,422.863,171.144,422.863z'/%3e%3cpath d='M241.214,422.863c7.218,0,13.07-5.853,13.07-13.068V262.641c0-7.216-5.854-13.07-13.07-13.07 c-7.217,0-13.069,5.854-13.069,13.07v147.154C228.145,417.012,233.996,422.863,241.214,422.863z'/%3e%3cpath d='M311.284,422.863c7.217,0,13.068-5.853,13.068-13.068V262.641c0-7.216-5.852-13.07-13.068-13.07 c-7.219,0-13.07,5.854-13.07,13.07v147.154C298.213,417.012,304.067,422.863,311.284,422.863z'/%3e%3c/g%3e</g>%3c/svg%3e ");
background-color: #FB404B;
}<a class="action-btn delete"> </a>Generate a data URL for your SVG image conversion here
If you have a large DOM and need to update SVG elements dynamically without rescanning the entire document, consider using a jQuery plugin like the one below:
/**
* A custom jQuery plugin that loads an SVG file and replaces the targeted element with its contents.
*
* The path to the SVG file is specified in the src attribute of the element.
* Width, height, and class attributes from the loaded SVG will replace those of the target element.
*/
(function ($) {
$.fn.svgLoader = function () {
var src = $(this).attr("src");
var width = this.attr("width");
var height = this.attr("height");
var cls = this.attr("class");
var ctx = $(this);
// Load the SVG file and replace the current element with its contents
$.ajax({
url: src,
cache: false
}).done(function (html) {
let svg = $(html);
svg.attr("width", width);
svg.attr("height", height);
svg.attr("class", cls);
var newHtml = $('<a></a>').append(svg.clone()).html();
ctx.replaceWith(newHtml);
});
return this;
};
}(jQuery));
To use the plugin, define an SVG element in your HTML like so:
<svg src="images/someSvgFile.svg" height="45" width="45" class="mySVGClass"/>
Then apply the plugin to elements with a specific class:
$(".mySVGClass").svgLoader();
One way to handle animations for the :hover event is by keeping the styles within the SVG file, such as:
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<defs>
<style>
rect {
fill:rgb(165,225,75);
stroke:none;
transition: 550ms ease-in-out;
transform-origin:125px 125px;
}
rect:hover {
fill:rgb(75,165,225);
transform:rotate(360deg);
}
</style>
</defs>
<rect x='50' y='50' width='150' height='150'/>
</svg>
You can view the SVG animation on svgshare here.
"Gone are the days when XMLHttpRequest was relied upon for making API requests. With jQuery, one could use the more streamlined syntax of jQuery.ajax(). However, JavaScript now boasts its own built-in mechanism for making API requests." ~ Digital Ocean
svg" to all <img> tags that source SVG files.<img class="svg" src="/images/logo-facebook.svg"/>
<body> or within the <head>.window.onload = () => {
// Query all <img> elements with the class "svg"
const imgSVGs = document.querySelectorAll("img.svg");
// Iterate over each found element
imgSVGs.forEach((img) => {
// Retrieve the SVG file
fetch(img.getAttribute("src"))
.then(response => response.text())
.then(svgContent => {
// Parse SVG file's XML data into a DOM object for easier handling
const parser = new DOMParser();
const svgXML = parser.parseFromString(svgContent, 'text/xml');
// Generate a new <svg> element
const svg = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "svg");
// Transfer attributes from <img> to <svg>: class, alt, id
// Eliminate the temporary class "svg"
svg.setAttribute("class", img.getAttribute("class"));
svg.classList.remove("svg");
if (img.getAttribute("id"))
svg.setAttribute("id", img.getAttribute("id"));
if (img.getAttribute("alt"))
svg.setAttribute("alt", img.getAttribute("alt"));
// Copy content from SVG file to <svg>: viewBox attribute, SVG path
svg.setAttribute("viewBox", svgXML.getElementsByTagName("svg")[0].getAttribute("viewBox"));
const path = svgXML.getElementsByTagName("svg")[0].querySelector("path");
svg.appendChild(path);
// Replace <img> with <svg>
img.replaceWith(svg);
})
.catch(error => { console.log("Error fetching SVG: ", error); });
});
};
This concise script converts all <img> elements marked with the svg class into actual <svg> components, which can then be designed using CSS:
svg:hover {
fill: red;
}
It transfers the attributes id, alt, and class from <img> to <svg> (if they exist), and extracts the <path> element along with the viewBox attribute from the original SVG file.
✔️ Delivers the same functionality as the approved jQuery code, solely utilizing pure JavaScript without any frameworks.
.carousel-control-prev-icon {
background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' fill='rgb(135,206,235)' width='8' height='8' viewBox='0 0 8 8'%3e%3cpath d='M5.25 0l-4 4 4 4 1.5-1.5L4.25 4l2.5-2.5L5.25 0z'/%3e%3c/svg%3e");
}
change color : fill='rgb(135,206,235)'
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