What causes top margins to collapse while bottom margins remain intact?

Upon examining the demonstration below, it is evident that in the left-column, the top padding edge of .clearfix-using_display-table (the yellow section) and .clearfix-using_display-table p (the silver part) are touching. However, on the lower edge, for some unknown reason, the two edges do not touch.

Interestingly, the layout of the right-column showcases what I envision the boxes within the left-column should resemble.

.left-column,
.right-column {
  background-color: orange;
  width: 150px;
}
.left-column {
  float: left;
}
.right-column {
  float: right;
}
.clearfix-using_display-table,
.clearfix-using_display-block {
  background-color: yellow;
  width: 125px;
}
.clearfix-using_display-table p,
.clearfix-using_display-block p {
  background-color: silver;
  width: 100px;
  margin-top: 1em;
}
.clearfix-using_display-table:after,
.clearfix-using_display-block:after {
  content: " ";
  clear: both;
}
.clearfix-using_display-table:after {
  display: table;
}
.clearfix-using_display-block:after {
  display: block;
}
<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="left-column">
    <h3>Table</h3>
    <div class="clearfix-using_display-table">
      <p>Lorem Ipsum...</p>
      <p>Lorem Ipsum...</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="right-column">
    <h3>Block</h3>
    <div class="clearfix-using_display-block">
      <p>Lorem Ipsum...</p>
      <p>Lorem Ipsum...</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

There seems to be a connection between margin collapsing and the creation of a new BFC, but I am unsure. Can someone provide clarity on this issue?

htmlcsslayoutcss-floatclearfix

Answer №1

Utilizing "clearfix" with display: table will maintain the bottom margin, whereas using display: block will not.

Source:

Update: The reason for top margin collapse is due to lack of a BFC established on its immediate parent.

To prevent margin collapsing, introduce a BFC, such as in this instance on the parent element p, by adding, for example, overflow: auto.

Further reading: Mastering margin collapsing

Update: Why doesn't a <table>'s margin collapse with an adjacent <p>

.left-column,
.right-column {
  background-color: orange;
  width: 150px;
}
.left-column {
  float: left;
}
.right-column {
  float: right;
}
.clearfix-using_display-table,
.clearfix-using_display-block {
  background-color: yellow;
  width: 125px;
  overflow: auto;                      /*  establish BFC  */
}
.clearfix-using_display-table p,
.clearfix-using_display-block p {
  background-color: silver;
  width: 100px;
}
.clearfix-using_display-table:after,
.clearfix-using_display-block:after {
  content: " ";
  clear: both;
}
.clearfix-using_display-table:after {
  display: table;
}
.clearfix-using_display-block:after {
  display: block;
}
<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="left-column">
    <h3>Table</h3>
    <div class="clearfix-using_display-table">
      <p>Lorem Ipsum...</p>
      <p>Lorem Ipsum...</p>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="right-column">
    <h3>Block</h3>
    <div class="clearfix-using_display-block">
      <p>Lorem Ipsum...</p>
      <p>Lorem Ipsum...</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

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