What causes external CSS to take precedence over embedded CSS in my webpage?

As per a certain source, conflicting CSS styles on the same element should be overridden by embedded styles over external styles, but my observation proves otherwise.

My HTML code (simplified version) is as follows:

<html>
<head>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="foundation.min.css" />
  <style type="text/css">
  .dialog_error_container
  {
    display: none;
  }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="dialog_error_container alert-box alert">...</div>
</body>
</html>

My expectation was for the style rule defined for .dialog_error_container to take precedence over div.alert-box, but the actual result contradicted that assumption (refer to the image below).

I would appreciate an explanation as to why the embedded style failed to override the external style.

Answer №1

When it comes to external versus embedded CSS, there is actually no distinction as they are both handled in the same way. The reason why one doesn't override the other is due to the specificity of the selectors. In this case, div.alert-box has a higher specificity than .dialog_error_container.

  • The specificity of div.alert-box is 0,0,1,1 since it consists of 1 class and 1 element.

  • On the other hand, .dialog_error_container has a specificity of 0,0,1,0 because it only has 1 class.

If the specificities were equal, then the selector defined last would take precedence.

As a general rule of thumb, it's best to keep your CSS selectors as low-specificity as possible to facilitate easier overriding.

Answer №2

Don't follow that link, it's misleading you. Both embedded and external styles have equal specificity levels, so the key factor is the selector itself. In this scenario, div.alert-box holds more weight than .dialog_error_container

To achieve the desired outcome with your current setup, simply adjust the embedded selector to div.dialog_error_container

Answer №3

The cited source contains inaccuracies. For a reliable reference, consult the official specification: CSS 2.1, clause 6.4.1 Cascading order. In terms of "origin", both external and embedded style sheets are considered "author style sheets". Therefore, the determining factor is specificity, where the selector .dialog_error_container (class) is less specific than div.alert-box (element type combined with class).

By using div.dialog_error_container, you can equalize the specificity. Subsequently, the cascade order would come into play, with the embedded style sheet prevailing - not because it's embedded, but due to its placement later in the document hierarchy (after the link element pointing to the external style sheet).

To future-proof against style sheet rearrangements, it's advisable to increase specificity, such as by utilizing body div.dialog_error_container (even if somewhat contrived, it's preferable to resorting to !important as a last resort).

Answer №4

The reason why the external css takes precedence over the embedded style is likely due to its specificity; it includes rules for div.alert-box, which targets both an element and a class, whereas the embedded style only focuses on .dialog_error_container, which corresponds to a class.

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