Utilizing z-index for effective layering in scenarios involving a side navigation bar and modal pop-up

Mastering z-index proves to be quite challenging for me at the moment. I am working on a webpage (#s01) that includes a fixed side navigation bar (#s03). The issue arises when I want a modal (#s02) to cover the entire layer, including the side navigation.

Despite setting the modal's z-index higher than that of the side nav, the side nav stubbornly remains on top. While adjusting the z-index dynamically with JavaScript could potentially solve the problem, I am determined to find a CSS-only solution.

This codepen example should illustrate my dilemma effectively.

What clever CSS technique can I employ to ensure that the sidenav is truly covered?

HTML

<div id="s01">
  <div id="s02"></div>
</div>
<div id="s03"></div>

CSS

// main
#s01 {
  position: relative;
  width: 50vw;
  height: 100vh;
  background: red;
  z-index: 1;
}

// reveal
#s02 {
  display: none;
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 50vw;
  height: 100vh;
  background: darkblue;
  z-index: 3;
}

//sidenav
#s03 {
  position: fixed;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  width: 30px;
  height: 200px;
  background: green;
  z-index: 2;
}

Answer №1

One reason why a fixed position element is different from other elements is because it does not share the same parent element:

html

<div id="s01">
  <div id="s02">Modal!</div>
  <button id="mybutton">Click me!</button>
  <div id="s03"></div>
</div>

Sample Link

The z-index property controls the stacking order of elements on a webpage. It determines which element appears in front when elements overlap. Elements with higher z-index values are placed above those with lower values.

Learn more about z-index property

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