Basically, I have an HTML email that was converted from a PSD file. I sliced the layers, made some changes to the URLs, and did a test email. The email looks fine on most email clients, but when I send it to Yahoo Mail or Hotmail/Outlook and open it in Chrome, the images are all there but misplaced. What could be causing this issue? The email is structured using tables with no external CSS or styles in the head section.
<head></head>
Now that the JSFiddle requirement is met,
Here is the HTML code https://jsfiddle.net/waev6gdu/
The email looks fine on JSFiddle, but not on the mentioned email clients. Can you help identify what might be causing this discrepancy?