The distinction between using document.getElementById and document.getElementsByClassName in JavaScript

One thing that stands out is why does document.getElementsById function as expected here

<div id="move">add padding</div>

<button type="button" onclick="movefun()">pad</button>

<script>
function movefun() {
    document.getElementById("move").style.paddingLeft = "50px";
}
</script>

while document.getElementsByClassName fails to deliver the desired outcome

<div class="move">add padding</div>

<button type="button" onclick="movefun()">Set left padding</button>

<script>
    function movefun() {
        document.getElementsByClassName("move").style.paddingLeft = "50px";
    }
</script>

We have omitted common elements like the html and body tags to maintain code brevity.

Answer №1

When you use getElementsByClassName, it will return an array-like object containing all child elements that have the specified class names.

If you prefer selecting elements by their class, you can use this method:

Check out DEMO 1 -> http://jsfiddle.net/1r0u5d3o/2/

document.getElementsByClassName("move")[0].style.paddingLeft = "50px";

If you want to apply a style change to all elements with the same class, you can do so using a loop:

View DEMO 2 -> http://jsfiddle.net/1r0u5d3o/1/

function movefun() {
    var elements = document.getElementsByClassName("move");
    for (var i = 0; i < elements.length; i++) {
        elements[i].style.paddingLeft = "50px";
    }
}

Answer №2

document.getElementById fetches a specific DOM element based on the provided ID. On the other hand, document.getElementsByClassName retrieves an HTMLCollection - which is similar to an array and contains all DOM elements that match the specified class name. To apply styling, you will need to loop through each element in the collection.

Answer №4

In order to obtain a singular element and store it in a variable, we can utilize the getElementById method. However, if our intention is to fetch multiple product elements and assign them to a variable, then we would typically use the getElementByClassName function.

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