Recently, I've been noticing a trend of websites incorporating new and innovative scrolling effects. One great example is:
As you scroll down the page, the initial section stays fixed in place (z-index of 1?) while the content scrolls over it seamlessly. Additionally, the site utilizes fragments and dynamically highlights its navigation bar based on the user's scrolling position.
I have come across a few other websites that employ similar techniques. There was one particular site (unfortunately, I can't recall the link) that even changes its background dynamically.
Is there a standard practice or technique commonly used for developing these types of dynamic sites?