Setting the height and width to 100% causes the element to slightly protrude

After setting the height and width of a canvas to 100%, I noticed that instead of fitting the screen perfectly, it slightly exceeded the boundaries, causing a scroll bar to appear allowing me to scroll just a few pixels up, down, left, or right, even after setting top and left to 0em.

Is there a specific reason for this behavior? And are there any solutions to this issue other than adjusting the height and width to 98% instead of 100%?

This was observed using Chrome 36.0.1985.143

HTML:

...
<canvas id="canvas"></canvas>
...

CSS:

...
canvas
{
    border: 2px solid red;
    background-color: yellow;
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    top: 0em;
    left: 0em;
}
...

Answer №1

The reason for this behavior is due to the border.

When a height of 100% is combined with a 2px border-top/border-bottom, the total becomes 100% + 4px instead of 100% - resulting in the appearance of a scrollbar.

To address this issue, you can utilize box-sizing: border-box to factor the border into the element's width calculation.

border-box: The padding and border are included in the width and height properties, but not the margin. This box model is employed by Internet Explorer when the document is in Quirks mode.

View an example here

canvas {
    border: 2px solid red;
    background-color: yellow;
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    top: 0em;
    left: 0em;
    -moz-box-sizing:border-box;
    -webkit-box-sizing:border-box;
    box-sizing:border-box;
}

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