If two CSS classes share the same derived class, how does CSS determine the correct class to apply?
Consider the following example:
.ClassA.Left {}
.ClassB.Left {}
.Left {}
Given that the class 'Left' can be assigned to multiple elements, how can I ensure it is being applied correctly? What rules govern the specificity of the 'Left' class binding?
If an element has the class .Left, it will receive the styles defined in .Left. However, if it also has the class ClassA (i.e., class="Left ClassA"), it will inherit styles from both .Left and .ClassA.Left. In cases where an element has the classes Left and ClassA, the styles from ClassA.Left will take precedence due to higher specificity. The same principles apply to elements with class="Left ClassB".
Learn more about specificity here: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Specificity
Uniqueness
The idea
Uniqueness is the method through which a browser determines the most relevant property values to apply to an element. It is based solely on the matching rules comprised of various selectors.
How is it measured?
Uniqueness is determined by counting each type of selector and concatenating them. It is not a weight for the corresponding matching expression.
If uniqueness is the same, the most recent declaration in the CSS will be applied to the element.
Note: The proximity of elements in the document tree does not impact uniqueness.
Ascending order of uniqueness
The following are selectors listed in increasing uniqueness:
- Universal selectors
- Type selectors
- Class selectors
- Attributes selectors
- Pseudo-classes
- ID selectors
- Inline style
The !important rule
If the !important rule is used on a style declaration, it will override all other declarations in the CSS, regardless of where it appears in the list. However, !important is unrelated to uniqueness.
The :not rule
The negation pseudo-class :not is not factored into uniqueness calculations. However, selectors within the negation pseudo-class are counted as regular selectors.
Source: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Specificity
Similarly, if an element had the three classes (ClassA, ClassB, and Left), the order of these classes in your CSS file would determine their priority.
.ClassA.Left would take precedence over .ClassB.Left (for shared properties) because .ClassB.Left was listed later in the stylesheet.
Selectors with multiple classes will always override selectors with single classes, so .ClassA.Left will override .ClassA.
The order in which the classes appear in the HTML code does not affect specificity.
Check out this Codepen Specificity Example for more information.
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