Prevent certain parts of an element from displaying using CSS

By utilizing the CSS3 property clip-path, I am able to easily clip elements so that only a specified area remains visible. While this feature is useful, I'm wondering if there is a method to exclude an area so that everything except the specified path will be visible.

To illustrate my point, consider the following example where I need to cut out a circle:

Circle Example Image

Placing a circle over the content is not ideal as I require the underlying background to remain visible.

To my understanding, one way to achieve this would be through the use of canvas, but I am curious if it can be accomplished solely with CSS.

Thank you for any insights or suggestions!

Answer №1

Achieving this effect is totally possible using the clip-path property! Just think of your div as a piece of paper and clip-path as a pair of scissors. If you want to create a circular cutout in the middle, you'll need to define the path around the edges, through the middle, along a circle, and back to the starting point.

I've put together a python script that generates the necessary CSS for you. Please excuse the coding style...

import math

# Define radius as a percentage of width
radius = 0.25
xPos = 0.5
yPos = 0.5
smooth = 50

x = []
y = []

x.append(0)
y.append(0)

# Continue defining points around the circle...

cssValue = "polygon("
for k in range(0, len(x) - 1):
 cssValue += str(abs(x[k]*100)) + "% " + str(abs(y[k]*100)) + "%, "
cssValue += str(abs(x[len(x) - 1]*100)) + "% " + str(abs(y[len(x) - 1]*100)) + "%);"

property = "clip-path: "
spaces = "    "
print(".excludeCircle{");
print(spaces + "-webkit-"+property + cssValue)
print(spaces + property + cssValue)
print("}")

Here's how the final result appears:

.excludeCircle{
    -webkit-clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 0% 100%, 25.0% 100%, 25.0% 50.0%, 25.0% 50.0%, ...);
    clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 0% 100%, 25.0% 100%, 25.0% 50.0%, 25.0% 50.0%, ...);
}

img{
  width: 300px;
  height: 200px;
}

body{
  background-color: green;
}
<div style="position: absolute;">
  This is text in the background. 
</div>
<img src="https://i.sstatic.net/l2ETg.png" class="excludeCircle"/>

Note: The current method may produce an oval shape instead of a perfect circle. To fix this, consider using pixel values or x/y radius adjustments accordingly. Alternatively, some JavaScript might be needed for a dynamic solution.

Answer №2

Although it may require some tinkering, here's a tip for when the backdrop is an image. Overlay a circle and consider the background as a sprite. Disable the content div to reveal the entire background image:

#wrapper {
  width: 400px;
  height: 200px;
  background: url('http://lorempixel.com/400/200');
  text-align:center;
}
#content {
  width: 80%;
  height: 100%;
  background: silver;
  text-align: center;
  display:inline-block;
}
#circle {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: url('http://lorempixel.com/400/200') 150px 50px;
  background-position: center;
  position: fixed;
  top: 58px;
  left: 158px;
}
<div id="wrapper">
  <div id="content">
    <br>
    <p>
      Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, etc.</p>
    <p>This is the main content section</p>
  </div>
  <div>
    <div id="circle"></div>

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