Largest image and div size that fills the available space

I have been searching for an answer to this specific question but haven't found one yet.

My goal is to create a simple layout like this:


-------------------
      header
-------------------
         |
 content | graphic
         |
-------------------

Here are the requirements:

  • The header height is determined by the font size;
  • The content has a fixed minimum width;
  • The graphic should be as large as possible while maintaining aspect ratio, and its height will not exceed the screen's height minus the header's height unless it would result in inadequate width for the content panel;
  • The content should expand horizontally to fill any remaining space after accommodating the image and respecting the previous constraints.

[edited to add:]

  • Vertically: The image is vertically centered if its height is less than the maximum allowed height based on the width and aspect ratio constraints;
  • Horizontally: The image aligns with the right side of the screen, and the content extends up to the left edge of the image, excluding manual padding.

I have attempted using flexboxes, achieving success with the first three requirements. However, I struggle to make the content pane grow horizontally without causing the image to take up all available space, resulting in undesired alignment. The HTML and CSS code below represent my current approach:

https://i.sstatic.net/4nBXS.png

You can view and test the code here: https://jsfiddle.net/uv566jc3/:

.grid {
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  height: 95vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
.header {
  flex: 0;
}
.grid__row {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}
.grid__item {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 12px;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
}
img {
  flex: 1;
  object-fit: contain;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
}
<div class="grid">
  <div class="header">Some header stuff
  </div>
  <div class="grid__row">
    <div class="grid__item">1</div>
    <img id="pic" src="https://s27.postimg.org/oc7sozu7n/clouds.png">
  </div>
</div>

  • The grid structure uses flexbox in a column direction containing header and grid__row elements;
  • The header has a flexible height (flex 0) depending on its content;
  • The grid__row fills the remaining height (flex 1) after accounting for the header and contains grid__item along with the image;
  • The grid__item expands horizontally to fill available width (flex 1);
  • The img element utilizes object-fit = contain for desired sizing properties and overflow=hidden for unknown effects.

No explicit min-width is set on the grid__item in the jsfiddle, but that shouldn't impact the outcome significantly.

Is there a straightforward way to achieve the desired layout using CSS? Any guidance or feedback would be appreciated. Apologies if this topic has been discussed before.

htmlcssflexbox

Answer №1

After making some adjustments, here is the updated code for your solution. I hope this is closer to what you wanted.

https://jsfiddle.net/vjLps7qs/6/

The revised code looks like this:


.container {
  width: calc(100vw);
  height: 100vh;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.top {
  height: 1.25em;
  padding: 3px;
  background: yellow;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

.innerCtr {
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.left {
  height: 100%;
  background: red;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.right {
  max-height: 100%;
  max-width: 80%;
  calc(100% - 1.25rem);
  background: blue;
  float: right;
  object-fit: contain;
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
  top: calc(50% - 1.25rem);
  transform: translateY(-52%) scale(0.95);
}

I have added 'calc', a feature that is supported by all major browsers.


.right {
  calc(100% - 1.25rem);
  top: calc(50% - 1.25rem);
}

If this still doesn't meet your requirements, please let me know. It can be challenging to navigate through this discussion thread.

Answer №2

The importance of using the flex: 1 property

When applying the flex: 1 property to both the grid__item and img elements within a row-directional grid__row flex container, it ensures that they evenly share the available space. This results in a 50/50 distribution as illustrated.

Suggestion: Consider removing the flex: 1 from the img element for better alignment.

Dealing with whitespace caused by object-fit: contain

When using object-fit: contain, the image's aspect ratio is preserved while scaling to fit within the designated box. This may lead to visible whitespace on the sides (portrait) or top/bottom (landscape).

If you opt for cover, the entire space is utilized but cropping occurs (see demo).

Learn more about object-fit here:

Understanding the impact of overflow: hidden

In response to your query about overflow: hidden:

...overflow=hidden (which I don't really understand what it's doing, but if I leave it out the img container expands horizontally by a factor of 2).

This behavior could be related to the minimum sizing algorithm applied to flex items by default.

To restrict a flex item from shrinking beyond its content size, overflow: hidden can be used effectively.

For detailed insights, refer to this link: Why doesn't flex item shrink past content size?

Answer №3

Let's explore the float concept with this demonstration:

For a portrait image:

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
  margin: 0px;
}
.header {
  width: 100%;
  height:8vh;
  border: 1px solid #aaa;
}
.main-content {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid #aaa;
  padding: 0px;
}
.main-content > .left {
  float: left;
  width: 50%;
}
.main-content > .right {
  float: right;
  width: 50%;
}
.main-content > div {
  min-height: 50%;
  max-height: 90%;
}
.main-content > .right > img {
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 90vh;
}
.main-content:after,
.main-content:before {
  display: table;
  clear: both;
  content: "";
}
<div class="header">
  Header related content..
  <br>
</div>
<div class="main-content">

  <div class="left">
    Content on the left
  </div>
  <div class="right">
    <img src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/41/89/8c/41898cae6d9edd8737dfef07ab50ea57.jpg" />
  </div>
</div>

For a landscape image:

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
  margin: 0px;
}
.header {
  width: 100%;
  height: 8vh;
  border: 1px solid #aaa;
}
.main-content {
  width: 100%;
  border: 1px solid #aaa;
  padding: 0px;
}
.main-content > .left {
  float: left;
  width: 50%;
}
.main-content > .right {
  float: right;
  width: 50%;
}
.main-content > div {
  min-height: 50%;
  max-height: 90%;
}
.main-content > .right > img {
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 90vh;
}
.main-content:after,
.main-content:before {
  display: table;
  clear: both;
  content: "";
}
<div class="header">
  Header related content..
  <br>
</div>
<div class="main-content">

  <div class="left">
    Content on the left
  </div>
  <div class="right">
    <img src="http://www.w3schools.com/css/img_fjords.jpg" />
  </div>
</div>

Answer №4

Could this be a potential solution for your problem? Check out the fiddle here

#pic {
       background: url('http://lorempixel.com/400/200/sports/1/') no-repeat;
       position: absolute; 
       left: 440px; 
       right: 0; 
       top: 0; 
       bottom: 0; 
     }

I have set the image as a background with the property of cover. This ensures that the image fills the entire width and height of the container, regardless of resizing.

Answer №5

To meet your requirements, it's recommended to remove the flex property from your image and encapsulate it within a container.

I made some adjustments to your code in order to achieve the desired outcome. Please review the modifications.

UPDATE

I have revised my solution by now utilizing display: inline-flex, which should fulfill all of your specifications.

.grid {
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  height: 95vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.header {
  flex: 0;
}

.grid__row {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

.grid__item {
  flex: 1;
  padding: 12px;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
}

.img_ctr {
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  display: inline-flex;
}

 img {
  height: 100%;
} 
<div class="grid">
  <div class="header">Some header stuff
  </div>
  <div class="grid__row">
    <div class="grid__item">1</div>
    <div class="img_ctr">
      <img id="pic" src="https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/41/89/8c/41898cae6d9edd8737dfef07ab50ea57.jpg">
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

Answer №6

To confine the image within specific dimensions while preserving its aspect ratio, I utilized the properties max-width and max-height. Additionally, by encapsulating the image in an autonomous div, I enabled independent resizing of the segregated sections.

Does this meet your requirements? Check it out here: https://jsfiddle.net/uniqueuser/asdf124hj/

Images with extreme height or width adjust perfectly to fit the image container, which adjusts accordingly when accommodating smaller images, never exceeding the minimum content section width.

Markup:

<div class="grid">
  <div class="header">Header
  </div>
  <div class="grid__row">
    <div class="content">Sample Content</div>
    <div class="image">
      <img id="pic" src="http://placekitten.com/200/2000">
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

CSS Styling:

.grid {
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  height:95vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.header {
  flex: 0;
}

.grid__row {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

.content {
  flex-grow: 1;
  padding: 12px;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  min-width: 400px;
}

.image {
  flex-shrink: 1;
  padding: 12px;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  text-align: center;
}

img {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  max-height: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
}

Answer №7

UPDATE: After extensive research, I have come across what seems to be the most promising solution so far. However, I am still keeping the bounty open for further suggestions. See below for details.

I stumbled upon a solution utilizing float. To view the implementation, visit https://jsfiddle.net/wwhyte/vjLps7qs/; simply replace the image with to observe its landscape behavior.

CSS:

  .container {
    width: calc(100vw);
    height: 100vh;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .top {
    height: 1.25em;
    background: yellow;
  }

  .innerCtr {
    height: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .left {
    height: 100%;
    background: red;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .right {
    max-height: 100%;
    max-width: 80%;
    background: blue;
    float: right;
    object-fit: contain;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-52%) scale(0.95);
  }

HTML:

<div class="container">
  <div class="top">
  </div>
  <div class="innerCtr">
    <img class="right" src="http://placekitten.com/1600/900">
    <div class="left">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum</div>
  </div>
</div>

My understanding of the current setup is as follows:

  • Within the right class:
    • The combination of max-height, max-width, and object-fit achieves the desired scaling effect.
    • Using float:right determines the positioning of the element. (I came across this concept in an article, which unfortunately I can no longer locate. I will credit the source if I manage to find it again).
    • The transform property takes inspiration from an article on vertical alignment found at: .
    • The 95% scale improves the visibility and display of the image.
  • Setting height:100% within the left class defines the desired panel size.
  • The innerCtr class serves as a parent container for calculating the height of the image against.
  • The container class ensures that the viewport fits within the browser window.

Despite these efforts, there are still some imperfections in the layout. There appears to be a peculiar interaction between the top bar's height and the image's placement, causing the bottom of the image to extend beyond the display area. This issue seems to be somewhat correlated with the top bar's height, although I have not thoroughly investigated the exact relationship. Removing the top bar results in flawless performance according to the defined CSS above. Although I attempted to address this by adjusting the scale and Y-transform properties, the image does not align perfectly when the window is resized to smaller dimensions. The vertical centering remains slightly off. Initially, I believed that setting height=calc(100vh-1.25em) on the container class might rectify this discrepancy, yet unexpectedly, it led to horizontal scaling only. This outcome was entirely unforeseen! Hence, I am maintaining the open bounty for anyone who can achieve precise vertical centering functionality.

A heartfelt thank you to everyone for their valuable input and suggestions!

Answer №8

The suggestions regarding eliminating flex from the image are spot on. Flex properties are meant for containers, not individual content items. Here's an example that demonstrates this concept:

.container {
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  height:90vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.header {
  flex: 0;
}

.row {
  flex: 1;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

.item {
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding: 12px;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
}

img {
  object-fit: contain;
  border: solid 1px #e7e7e7;
  max-width: 75%;
}

Check out a live demo here

Answer №9

After making some adjustments to your response, everything seems to be functioning properly now.

There are two variations of the demonstration available, one tailored for landscape images and another for portrait images.

An animation has been implemented so that when hovering over the image, it scales appropriately while remaining centered.

body {
    margin: 0px;
  }

  .container {
    width: calc(100vw);
    height: 50vh;
  }

  .top {
    height: 1.25em;
    background: yellow;
  }

  .innerCtr {
    height: calc(100% - 1.25em);  /* Ensure proper height */
    position: relative;     /* Allow inheritance of dimensions */
  }

  .left {
    height: 100%;
    background: red;
    overflow: hidden;
  }

  .right {
    max-height: 100%;
    max-width: 80%;
    background: blue;
    float: right;
    object-fit: contain;
    top: 50%;
    position: relative;
    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(0.95) ;
}

.right:hover {
    animation: zoom 4s infinite;  
}

@keyframes zoom {
    from {transform: translateY(-50%) scale(0.98) }
    to {transform: translateY(-50%) scale(0) }
}
<div class="container">
  <div class="top">
  </div>
  <div class="innerCtr">
    <img class="right" src="http://placekitten.com/1600/900">
    <div class="left">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum</div>
  </div>
</div>
<div class="container">
  <div class="top">
  </div>
  <div class="innerCtr">
    <img class="right" src="http://placekitten.com/900/1600">
    <div class="left">Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum</div>
  </div>
</div>

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