Issues with CSS hierarchy between descendants and child elements are causing functionality problems

Presented here is a snippet of HTML/CSS code featuring two URLs:

  • The first URL (Google) is a direct child of the div.
  • The second URL (Bing) is simply a descendant of the div.

Using the child-selector should result in only the Google URL being styled in red.

However, upon implementation, both the Google and Bing URLs end up being displayed in red. Surprisingly, when the <h1>Text</h1> element is removed, only the Google URL appears in red.

What could be causing this discrepancy?

Here's a glimpse at the HTML segment:

<div class="mydiv">
    <a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a>
    <p>
        <h1>Text</h1>
        <a href="http://www.bing.com">Bing</a>
    </p>
</div>

As for the corresponding CSS excerpt:

.mydiv > a {
    color:red;
}

Answer №1

This situation presents a bit of a challenge.

It's important to understand that <h1> is a block-level element, while <p> can only contain inline elements. When a block element is found as a child of a <p> element, the <p> is automatically closed.

So essentially, your HTML snippet gets transformed internally like this (with the closing </p> possibly being ignored):

<div class="mydiv">
        <a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a>
        <p></p>
        <h1>Text</h1>
        <a href="http://www.bing.com">Bing</a>
</div>

Both <a> tags are now direct children of the <div>, thus both are affected by your CSS rule.

If you were to remove the <h1> tag, things change: Your <p> remains unclosed, making the second <a> still a child of <p> and not impacted by the CSS.

To achieve the desired effect, consider using another block-level element instead of <p> (perhaps <div>, <article>, or <section>).

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