Revised Response
Originally, the solution addressed adjacent cells. To identify and gather all potentially impacted cells, a new methodology is suggested.
It should be noted that this function is designed for cells of equal dimensions. If handling varying cell sizes is required, adjustments to the calculation of affected cells will be necessary.
$(function(){
var self, index, affectedCells;
// iterate through all cells...
$('td').each(function() {
// check if the cell's text is too long....
if(this.scrollWidth > $(this).outerWidth()) {
// when the text in the cell is too long...
self = $(this);
self.addClass('has_overflow');
// obtain current index
index = self.closest('tr').find('td').index(self);
// determine the number of affected cells
affectedCells = Math.ceil(this.scrollWidth / self.outerWidth()) - 1;
// highlight all affected cells...
for(var i= 1; i <= affectedCells; i++) {
self.closest('tr')
.find('td:eq('+(index+ i)+')')
.addClass('is_overflown');
}
}
});
});
The updated version can be found in this revised fiddle.