How come an inner <div> element does not recognize the margin of its outer <div> container?

Here is the code snippet in question:

<div id="x">
   <div id="modal-body">
      <div class="modal-input-row">
       xxx
      </div>
   </div>
</div>

#modal-body {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 5rem;
}

.modal-input-row {
  margin-top: 2rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: block;
}

Upon inspecting with Google Chrome developer tools, I noticed the following:

  • The top area of modal-body begins 5rem below the #x <div>
  • The top area of modal-input-row also starts 5rem below the #x <div>

One might expect that since modal-input-row is inside modal-body, it would start 7rem below the #x <div>. So why does this not happen as expected?

Answer №1

The issue you're witnessing is commonly referred to as margin collapse, a phenomenon that occurs in certain situations. In your case, it occurs when there is no space between the top margin of the parent element and the first child element.

Margin collapse happens when there is no border, padding, inline content, or clearance separating the top margin of a block from its first child block. The same applies to the bottom margin of a block and its last child. In such scenarios, the margins collapse and extend outside the parent element.

To avoid margin collapse, it's recommended to use paddings instead, as they do not collapse like margins.

Further information on margin collapse can be found in the detailed specifications of the W3C box model

Answer №2

If you're working with HTML, remember that modal-input-row is a class.

Your CSS styling should look like this:

.modal-input-row {
    margin-top: 2rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: block;
}

Alternatively,

Update

<div class="modal-input-row">

to

<div id="modal-input-row">

Answer №3

When looking at this example in the provided fiddle: http://jsfiddle.net/gjNAW/, everything appears to be functioning correctly.

The issue seems to stem from the lack of borders, causing it to collapse.

If you view the version without borders here: http://jsfiddle.net/gjNAW/1/

Side note:

(1) There is a misplaced "." for the class name.

(2) It is unnecessary to explicitly declare display:block, as divs are already block elements by default.

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