Does the box model only come into effect when the container has padding or a border?

Check out the following two links:

http://jsfiddle.net/carloscalla/ABCD1234/

HTML:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<body>
    <div id="container">
        <h1>Title</h1>
        <h2>Subtitle</h2>
    </div>    

    <div id="container2">
        <p>Hola</p>
    </div>
</body>

CSS:

h1
{
    background-color: green;

}
h2
{
    background-color: blue;

}
#container
{
    background-color: yellow;
    border: solid black 2px;
}
#container2
{
    background-color: orange;
    border: solid blue 2px;
}

Rendered:

http://jsfiddle.net/carloscalla/EFGH5678/

HTML:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<body>
    <div id="container">
        <h1>Title</h1>
        <h2>Subtitle</h2>
    </div>    

    <div id="container2">
        <p>Hola</p>
    </div>
</body>

CSS:

h1
{
    background-color: green;

}
h2
{
    background-color: blue;

}
#container
{
    background-color: yellow;
}
#container2
{
    background-color: orange;
}

It's a puzzling scenario - when a border is applied to the container, the child's padding impacts the container. However, without the border (or with padding), this issue doesn't occur. Hence, when applying a background color, there seems to be a white space between the document objects.

Can someone shed light on this? Is there a solution that doesn't involve adding padding or border to the container?

Answer №1

Let's discuss the concept of margin collapsing. Instead of adding a border, try setting overflow: auto;. This technique effectively addresses margin collapse issues.

Check out the demonstration on jsFiddle

#container
{
    background-color: yellow;
    overflow:auto;
}

Answer №2

The reason for this behavior is margin collapsing - in the initial scenario, the container houses two headers with default top and bottom margins of 16px each. Due to the rule that the top-margin of an in-flow block level element will collapse with its first in-flow block-level child's margin, the margin of the <h1> extends outside the container.

Once a border is included on the container, margin collapsing is prevented.

According to the specifications in section 2.1:

An in-flow block element's top margin collapses with its first in-flow block-level child's top margin if the element lacks a top border, top padding, and the child has no clearance.

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