Determine the difference between a CSS selector string and an XPath string

Developing a compact querying module (using js) for html is my current project, and I aim to create a versatile query(selector) function that can handle both css selectors and XPath selectors in string form.

My dilemma lies in determining whether a given string represents an xpath or a css selector. If we imagine the function layout:


function query(selector){
   selectorKind = identifySelectorKind(selector); // The mystery lies here

   if(selectorKind==="css") return queryCss(selector);
   if(selectorKind==="xPath") return queryXPath(selector); //Both functions exist and are functional
}

Given my limited understanding of xPath queries, I initially considered identifying the type by checking if the first character is / since most xPath queries start this way.

Thus, the identifySelectorKind function could appear as follows:

function identifySelectorKind(selector){
    if (selector[0] === "/") return "xPath";
    else return "css";
}

I don't require validation for css or xpath selectors; instead, I need a foolproof method to distinguish between the two. Will relying on xPath queries starting with / while css selectors do not be reliable? Are there alternative approaches or crucial factors to consider?

Answer №1

It is not always possible to do so. For instance, the symbol * can be used as a valid xpath and css selector, but it will select different elements in each case.

Answer №2

If you have full confidence that your XPath selector will consistently start with /, then it should be good to go. Keep in mind that while an XPath selector doesn't necessarily have to start with a /, if yours consistently targets elements from the root, then there shouldn't be any issues.

Answer №3

Merely searching for the forward slash / won't suffice, that's for sure!

Here is an example of a CSS selector (which will produce a false positive):

nav [itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"]

I am also creating a utility function to determine whether to use querySelector or xpath, and I need to distinguish between the two.

The issue here is that both syntaxes can contain arbitrary strings:

xpath: //*[contains(text(),"string")]

css: *[some-attr="string"]

...so it is always possible to have the same character you are using for differentiation in both syntaxes. (An xpath string in css is valid, as is a css string in xpath):

xpath: //*[contains(text(),"a:hover:not(xpath)")]

css: *[xpath-attr="fuuu/xpath/also//here/*"]

The quick and simple solution I came up with is to first remove all quoted strings, and then check for xpath-exclusive characters (specifically / or @).

const isXpath = str=>
    /[\/@]/.test(                     // find / or @ in
        str.split(/['"`]/)            // cut on any quote
            .filter( (s,i)=> !(i%2) ) // remove 1 on 2
            .join('')                 // string without quotes
    )


isXpath( 'nav [itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"] [itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"]' )
//> false 
// Actually search chars on "nav [itemtype=] [itemtype=]"

/!\ Note that this method is not flawless, and there may be confusing cases like the examples provided in this discussion where * or div may default to CSS (isXpath = false). You might want to improve the removal of quoted strings (considering escaped quotes) and then check for xpath-specific characters...

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