Designating a specific character set for style sheets

Within my CSS stylesheets, you may come across code that resembles the following snippet:

#nav > li::after {
    content: " ➻";
}

It's worth noting that ➻ is not an ASCII character, which can make it risky to use in a file without explicitly setting a charset.

So far, I haven't encountered any encoding issues with my CSS stylesheets (likely due to user agents becoming better at recognizing "UTF-8"), but I'm curious if there's a proper way to specify it explicitly.

I attempted the following:

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css; charset=UTF-8" href="foo.css"/>

However, it doesn't appear to have any impact, as I tested with an incorrect encoding and the content still appeared correctly.

htmlcsscharacter-encoding

Answer №1

Managed to find the necessary citation:

http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS2/syndata.html#charset

When a CSS file is located in a separate file, there are specific priorities that user agents must follow when determining the character encoding of the style sheet (listed from highest to lowest priority):

  1. HTTP "charset" parameter in a "Content-Type" field (or similar parameters in other protocols)
  2. BOM and/or @charset (refer below)
  3. or any other metadata from the linking mechanism (if present)
  4. Character encoding of the referring style sheet or document (if applicable)
  5. Default assumption of UTF-8

Even though @charset "UTF-8"; is relevant, HTTP headers take precedence over it. You can define the character encoding in a meta tag within your HTML document using <meta charset="utf-8">, which fulfills #4, and user agents are expected to default to UTF-8 in any case.

For certain "glyphs," it's crucial for the end user to have at least one font installed that supports them, so it's important to consider this when crafting your CSS. Not all fonts have support for all Unicode characters.

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