Can the style sheet be adjusted to format an XML document with empty tags as <tag />?

I found a useful code snippet on codeproject that helps reformat XML documents. I am wondering if anyone knows how to adjust the stylesheet so that empty tags in the transformed XML file are displayed as <tag /> instead of <tag></tag>.

// Here is a piece of code taken from codeproject
MSXML2::IXMLDOMDocumentPtr ModifyXMLTags(MSXML2::IXMLDOMDocumentPtr pDoc)
{
    LPCSTR const static szStyleSheet =
        R"!(<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>)!"
        R"!(<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">)!"
        R"!(    <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/>)!"
        R"!(    <xsl:template match="@* | node()">)!"
        R"!(        <xsl:copy>)!"
        R"!(            <xsl:apply-templates select="@* | node()"/>)!"
        R"!(        </xsl:copy>)!"
        R"!(    </xsl:template>)!"
        R"!(</xsl:stylesheet>)!";

    MSXML2::IXMLDOMDocumentPtr pXmlStyleSheet;
    pXmlStyleSheet.CreateInstance(__uuidof(MSXML2::DOMDocument60));
    pXmlStyleSheet->loadXML(szStyleSheet);

    MSXML2::IXMLDOMDocumentPtr pXmlFormattedDoc;
    pXmlFormattedDoc.CreateInstance(__uuidof(MSXML2::DOMDocument60));

    CComPtr<IDispatch> pDispatch;
    HRESULT hr = pXmlFormattedDoc->QueryInterface(IID_IDispatch, (void**)&pDispatch);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
    {
        _variant_t    vtOutObject;
        vtOutObject.vt = VT_DISPATCH;
        vtOutObject.pdispVal = pDispatch;
        vtOutObject.pdispVal->AddRef();

        hr = pDoc->transformNodeToObject(pXmlStyleSheet, vtOutObject);
    }

    // Changing the default encoding from UTF-16 to UTF-8

    // <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    MSXML2::IXMLDOMNodePtr pXMLFirstChild = pXmlFormattedDoc->GetfirstChild();
    
    MSXML2::IXMLDOMNamedNodeMapPtr pXMLAttributeMap =  pXMLFirstChild->Getattributes();
    MSXML2::IXMLDOMNodePtr pXMLEncodNode = pXMLAttributeMap->getNamedItem(_T("encoding"));
    pXMLEncodNode->PutnodeValue(_T("UTF-8"));

    return pXmlFormattedDoc;
}

Answer №1

This style sheet is designed to generate empty tags when possible (using MSXML6):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
    <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/>

    <xsl:template match="@* | node()">
        <xsl:copy>
            <xsl:apply-templates select="@* | node()"/>
        </xsl:copy>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="*[not(*) and not(normalize-space()) and not(comment()) and not(processing-instruction())]">
        <xsl:element name="{name()}" namespace="{namespace-uri()}">
            <xsl:copy-of select="./@*"/>
        </xsl:element>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

This approach involves avoiding using xsl:copy for elements that are empty, meaning they have no child elements, text, comments, or processing instructions. Instead, it manually copies the element with xsl:element, ensuring attributes are preserved with xsl:copy-of.

To demonstrate, consider an XML document like this:

<Document>
<empty> </empty>
<empty-2/>
<non-empty>
Some text
</non-empty>

... (additional content) ...

</Document>

After applying your FormatDOMDocument function with the updated stylesheet, the result would be:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Document>
    <empty/>
    <empty-2/>
    <non-empty>
Some text
</non-empty>
    ... (transformed content) ...
</Document>

If you want to restrict empty tag generation to specific elements by name, you can modify the match pattern in the stylesheet accordingly. For instance:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
    <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/>

    <xsl:template match="@* | node()">
        <xsl:copy>
            <xsl:apply-templates select="@* | node()"/>
        </xsl:copy>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:template match="*[contains('|non-empty|empty-2|empty-4|abc:empty-with-namespace|',  concat('|',name(),'|')) and not(*) and not(normalize-space()) and not(comment()) and not(processing-instruction())]">
        <xsl:element name="{name()}" namespace="{namespace-uri()}">
            <xsl:copy-of select="./@*"/>
        </xsl:element>
    </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

In this scenario, only specified elements like non-empty will be generated as empty tags based on the element names provided.

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