I am currently facing an issue with my email template. While it works perfectly fine in Outlook web and the Outlook app, Gmail web and Gmail's internal CSS strip away certain classes automatically.
In an attempt to hide the pre-header on mobile devices for Gmail, I referred to this guide.
If anyone can provide assistance or suggest a solution for the removal of classes and internal CSS issues on Gmail, please reach out. You can view the designs for the email template below:
Email desktop design Email template mobile design <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml"
xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
...