It seems like jQuery Mobile really insists on doing things its own way. To achieve the desired customization, you might have to delve into writing some custom HTML and CSS since the default setup wraps inputs in divs that span the entire width of the page.
Your best bet would be to play around with the widths to tailor them to your specific app requirements and kickstart the process from there.
Check out the code snippets below for reference:
<div data-role="content">
<div class="wrap">
<label class="searchLable">suchtest</label>
<input type="text" class="inputSearch_h" />
<span class="ui-icon ui-icon-search ui-icon-shadow"></span>
</div>
<label for="search-basic">The jQuery Mobile Way:</label>
<input type="search" name="search" id="searc-basic" value="" />
</div>
CSS Tricks:
.wrap {
margin-bottom: 1em;
overflow: hidden;
}
.wrap label, .wrap .ui-input-text, .wrap .ui-input-text+span {
display: block;
float: left;
}
.wrap label {
line-height: 3em;
text-transform: uppercase;
width: 20%;
}
.wrap .ui-input-text {
width: 70%;
}
.wrap .ui-input-text+span {
display: inline-block; /* Updated styling */
margin-top: 1.4em;
margin-left: 5px;
}
NOTE: Don't forget about the inline labels this time!
For a live demonstration, check out this updated Fiddle.