Using Media Queries to Optimize Image Display for Higher Pixel Densities: @2x, @3x,

My current project involves supporting various pixel ratios on the website I am developing. I want to make sure that I include all necessary browser prefixes to ensure compatibility with a wide range of devices and browsers. While I am using SVGs whenever possible, I still need a solution for incorporating photographic images. My goal is to provide the following image options:

  1. @1x image (Pixel Ratio 1.0)
  2. @2x image (Pixel Ratio of 1.25+)
  3. @3x image (Pixel Ratio of 2.25+)
  4. @4x image (Pixel Ratio of 3.25+)

I am seeking advice on the best approach to writing media queries to achieve this goal. I want to ensure that my approach aligns with what I am trying to accomplish. Any suggestions or tips would be greatly appreciated. The code I currently have in place is as follows:

/* @1x Images (Pixel Ratio 1.0) */
#dgst_shopping_bag {background-image:url(img/shopping_bag.png);}

/* @2x Images (Pixel Ratio of 1.25+) */
@media only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 5/4),
       only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25),
       only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25),
       only screen and (min-resolution: 1.25dppx) {
    #dgst_shopping_bag {background-image:url(img/example2x.jpg);}
}

/* @3x Images (Pixel Ratio of 2.25+) */
@media only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 9/4),
       only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.25),
       only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.25),
       only screen and (min-resolution: 2.25dppx) {
    #dgst_shopping_bag {background-image:url(img/example3x.jpg);}
}

/* @4x Images (Pixel Ratio of 3.25+) */ 
@media only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 13/4),
       only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3.25),
       only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3.25),
       only screen and (min-resolution: 3.25dppx) {
    #dgst_shopping_bag {background-image:url(img/example4x.jpg);}
}

Alternative 1: I am contemplating using the <picture> tag to tackle this challenge. One concern I have is providing alternative content for browsers that do not support <picture>. Do you believe that utilizing this tag would be the best practice for handling photos across multiple pixel ratios?

Answer №1

When comparing a background image to an inline image element like picture, there are distinct pros and cons for each option.

Advantages of inline image / disadvantages of background-image:

An inline style does not allow the use of media queries, making it necessary to declare a selector for elements needing background images separately from the tag. This can complicate matters for dynamically generated elements.

If your main concern is serving images with varying pixel ratios, utilizing the srcset attribute of an img tag instead of the picture element is a simpler solution. The picture element involves more markup and features that may be unnecessary in this scenario, plus srcset enjoys slightly broader support.

Advantages of background-image / disadvantages of inline image:

Resolution-based media queries are considerably more widely supported than both the picture element and the srcset attribute. Currently, some browsers do not yet support either the picture element or srcset, although this support is steadily improving.

For enhanced compatibility with older versions of Firefox pre-16, you can incorporate the min--moz-device-pixel-ratio selector, which shares syntax similarities with -webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio. Below is an example featuring CSS usage.

/* @2x Images (Pixel Ratio 1.25+) */
@media only screen and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 5/4),
       only screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25),
       only screen and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25),
       only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25),
       only screen and (min-resolution: 1.25dppx) {
    #dgst_shopping_bag {background-image:url(img/<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="97e4fff8e7e7fef9f0c8f5f6f0d7a5efb9e7f9f0">[email protected]</a>);}
}

Recommendations?

It is advisable to employ media queries for background image placements and utilize either srcset or picture for inline image needs. However, it is vital to consider the browser compatibility requirements. Refer to the following links for details on compatibility (possibly noting that users with older browsers likely have standard resolution monitors):

Answer №2

Utilize the img[srcset] attribute for better support, surpassing what was previously mentioned in another response. Both current Chrome and Safari browsers fully support this attribute, and it is expected that Firefox 38 and IE 12 will also provide support. The syntax simplifies progressive enhancement without the need for complex media queries.

Here is an example:

<img src="img/<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="0b7863647b7b62656c54696a6c4b3a73257b656c">[email protected]</a>" srcset="img/<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="96e5fef9e6e6fff8f1c9f4f7f1d6a4eeb8e6f8f1">[email protected]</a> 2x, img/<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="c3b0abacb3b3aaada49ca1a2a483f0bbedb3ada4">[email protected]</a> 3x" />

If you need to add support for non-compliant browsers, consider using various polyfills like this one.

Incorporating a polyfill may require modifying your markup as shown below:

<img srcset="img/<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="3a4952554a4a53545d65585b5d7a0b42144a545d">[email protected]</a>, img/<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="8ffce7e0ffffe6e1e8d0edeee8cfbdf7a1ffe1e8">[email protected]</a> 2x, img/<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="cdbea5a2bdbda4a3aa92afacaa8dfeb5e3bda3aa">[email protected]</a> 3x" />

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