Tips for scaling an image to perfectly fit the browser screen

Question

Tips for scaling an image to perfectly fit the browser screen

I have spent a significant amount of time researching and coding, but I am still unable to get this seemingly trivial task to work. Here are the conditions:

The browser window size is unknown, so any solution involving absolute pixel sizes will not work.
The original dimensions of the image are also unknown and it may or may not fit the browser window.
The image should be centered both vertically and horizontally.
The proportions of the image must be conserved.
The entire image must be displayed in the window without cropping.
I do not want scrollbars to appear, they should only show if the image doesn't fit the window.
The image needs to automatically resize when the window dimensions change, filling all available space without exceeding its original size.

In essence, I am looking for something like this:

.fit {
  max-width: 99%;
  max-height: 99%;
}
<img class="fit" src="pic.png">

The issue with the code above is that it causes the image to take up vertical space beyond what is needed, resulting in a vertical scrollbar being added.

I have access to PHP, Javascript, JQuery, but I would prefer a CSS-only solution. Compatibility with IE is not a concern for me.

html css

Answer 1

Answer №1

Last Updated: 2018-04-11

Presented here is a CSS-only solution that does not rely on Javascript. This method ensures the image is dynamically centered and resized to fit the window.

<html>
<head>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        .imgbox {
            display: grid;
            height: 100%;
        }
        .center-fit {
            max-width: 100%;
            max-height: 100vh;
            margin: auto;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="imgbox">
    <img class="center-fit" src='pic.png'>
</div>
</body>
</html>

An alternative [older] approach utilising JQuery involves setting the height of the image container (typically the body element) in order for the max-height property on the image to function correctly. Additionally, this method enables automatic resizing of the image with changes in client window dimensions.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        * {
            padding: 0;
            margin: 0;
        }
        .fit { /* set relative picture size */
            max-width: 100%;
            max-height: 100%;
        }
        .center {
            display: block;
            margin: auto;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<img class="center fit" src="pic.jpg" >

<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
    function set_body_height() { // set body height = window height
        $('body').height($(window).height());
    }
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $(window).bind('resize', set_body_height);
        set_body_height();
    });
</script>

</body>
</html>

Please note: User gutierrezalex has developed a similar solution as a JQuery plugin on this platform.

Answer 2

Last Updated: 2018-04-11

Presented here is a CSS-only solution that does not rely on Javascript. This method ensures the image is dynamically centered and resized to fit the window.

<html>
<head>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        .imgbox {
            display: grid;
            height: 100%;
        }
        .center-fit {
            max-width: 100%;
            max-height: 100vh;
            margin: auto;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="imgbox">
    <img class="center-fit" src='pic.png'>
</div>
</body>
</html>

An alternative [older] approach utilising JQuery involves setting the height of the image container (typically the body element) in order for the max-height property on the image to function correctly. Additionally, this method enables automatic resizing of the image with changes in client window dimensions.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        * {
            padding: 0;
            margin: 0;
        }
        .fit { /* set relative picture size */
            max-width: 100%;
            max-height: 100%;
        }
        .center {
            display: block;
            margin: auto;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<img class="center fit" src="pic.jpg" >

<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
    function set_body_height() { // set body height = window height
        $('body').height($(window).height());
    }
    $(document).ready(function() {
        $(window).bind('resize', set_body_height);
        set_body_height();
    });
</script>

</body>
</html>

Please note: User gutierrezalex has developed a similar solution as a JQuery plugin on this platform.

Answer 3

Answer №2

Check out this CSS-only solution that is mobile and IE-friendly (JSFiddle link):

CSS 2.0:

html, body {
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

img {
    padding: 0;
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-height: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
}

HTML:

<body>
  <img src="images/your-image.png" />
</body>

Answer 4

Check out this CSS-only solution that is mobile and IE-friendly (JSFiddle link):

CSS 2.0:

html, body {
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

img {
    padding: 0;
    display: block;
    margin: 0 auto;
    max-height: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
}

HTML:

<body>
  <img src="images/your-image.png" />
</body>

Answer 5

Answer №3

CSS3 has introduced a fresh set of units that are calculated in relation to the viewport, also known as the window area. These new units include vh for viewport height and vw for viewport width. An example of a straightforward CSS-only approach is shown below:

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 100vh;
    height: auto;
}

Please note that this method may only be effective if there are no other elements influencing the overall height of the page.

Answer 6

CSS3 has introduced a fresh set of units that are calculated in relation to the viewport, also known as the window area. These new units include vh for viewport height and vw for viewport width. An example of a straightforward CSS-only approach is shown below:

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: 100vh;
    height: auto;
}

Please note that this method may only be effective if there are no other elements influencing the overall height of the page.

Answer 7

Answer №4

If you want to wrap a container around your image, there is a simple CSS solution. Essentially, setting a height of 99% has no effect if the parent element will adjust its size based on its children. To make this work, the parent element should have a fixed height - perhaps equal to the height of the viewport.

HTML

<!-- demonstrate the issue with a tall image -->
<div class='fill-screen'>
    <img class='make-it-fit' 
         src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa.jpg'>
</div>

CSS

div.fill-screen {
    position: fixed;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    text-align: center;
}

img.make-it-fit {
    max-width: 99%;
    max-height: 99%;
}

Experiment with the fiddle.

Answer 8

If you want to wrap a container around your image, there is a simple CSS solution. Essentially, setting a height of 99% has no effect if the parent element will adjust its size based on its children. To make this work, the parent element should have a fixed height - perhaps equal to the height of the viewport.

HTML

<!-- demonstrate the issue with a tall image -->
<div class='fill-screen'>
    <img class='make-it-fit' 
         src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa.jpg'>
</div>

CSS

div.fill-screen {
    position: fixed;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    text-align: center;
}

img.make-it-fit {
    max-width: 99%;
    max-height: 99%;
}

Experiment with the fiddle.

Answer 9

Answer №5

While there are existing responses, I wanted to share my approach:

max-width: 100%;
max-height: 100vh;
width: auto;
margin: auto;

Answer 10

While there are existing responses, I wanted to share my approach:

max-width: 100%;
max-height: 100vh;
width: auto;
margin: auto;

Answer 11

Answer №6

If you're looking for a solution that addresses points 1-6 and accomplishes 7 while also allowing for resizing beyond the original size, I've created a comprehensive fix for this issue:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <body style="overflow:hidden; margin:0; text-align:center;">
    <img src="https://file-examples-com.github.io/uploads/2017/10/file_example_JPG_2500kB.jpg" style="height:100vh; max-width:100%; object-fit: contain;">
  </body>
</html>

Answer 12

If you're looking for a solution that addresses points 1-6 and accomplishes 7 while also allowing for resizing beyond the original size, I've created a comprehensive fix for this issue:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <body style="overflow:hidden; margin:0; text-align:center;">
    <img src="https://file-examples-com.github.io/uploads/2017/10/file_example_JPG_2500kB.jpg" style="height:100vh; max-width:100%; object-fit: contain;">
  </body>
</html>

Answer 13

Answer №7

Adjust Image Size to Fit the Screen Based on Longest Side while Preserving Aspect Ratio

img[src$="#fit"] {
    width: 100vw;
    height: auto;
    max-width: none;
    max-height: 100vh;
    object-fit: contain;
}

width: 100vw - image width will fill 100% of view port
height: auto - image height will be adjusted proportionally
max-height: 100vw - ensure the image fits within the screen, reducing its size if necessary
object-fit: contain - maintains aspect ratio while fitting the image in the content box

Note: object-fit is fully supported from IE version 16.0 onwards

Answer 14

Adjust Image Size to Fit the Screen Based on Longest Side while Preserving Aspect Ratio

img[src$="#fit"] {
    width: 100vw;
    height: auto;
    max-width: none;
    max-height: 100vh;
    object-fit: contain;
}

width: 100vw - image width will fill 100% of view port
height: auto - image height will be adjusted proportionally
max-height: 100vw - ensure the image fits within the screen, reducing its size if necessary
object-fit: contain - maintains aspect ratio while fitting the image in the content box

Note: object-fit is fully supported from IE version 16.0 onwards

Answer 15

Answer №8

Keep it straightforward. Appreciate it

.background {
  background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1476820865390-c52aeebb9891?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&w=1000&q=80');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  height: 100vh;
  width: 100vw;
}

<div class="background"></div>

Answer 16

Keep it straightforward. Appreciate it

.background {
  background-image: url('https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1476820865390-c52aeebb9891?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&ixid=eyJhcHBfaWQiOjEyMDd9&w=1000&q=80');
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  height: 100vh;
  width: 100vw;
}

<div class="background"></div>

Answer 17

Answer №9

Here's a simple CSS trick for lazy designers:

.background{
width:100%;
height:auto;
background: url('yoururl.jpg') no-repeat center;
background-position: 50% 50%;
background-size: 100% cover!important;
overflow:hidden;}

If your image is low-res, this may cause it to zoom in due to quality and dimension issues. For centered images, try adding the following to your CSS:

display:block;    
margin: auto 0;

To display your centered image in HTML, use:

<div class="background"></div>

Answer 18

Here's a simple CSS trick for lazy designers:

.background{
width:100%;
height:auto;
background: url('yoururl.jpg') no-repeat center;
background-position: 50% 50%;
background-size: 100% cover!important;
overflow:hidden;}

If your image is low-res, this may cause it to zoom in due to quality and dimension issues. For centered images, try adding the following to your CSS:

display:block;    
margin: auto 0;

To display your centered image in HTML, use:

<div class="background"></div>

Answer 19

Answer №10

max-width: 100%;
white-space: nowrap;

This solution should fix the issue.

Answer 20

max-width: 100%;
white-space: nowrap;

This solution should fix the issue.

Answer 21

Answer №11

Having a similar need, I found a solution using basic CSS and vanilla JavaScript as JQuery was not an option.

Here is the code snippet that worked for me:

<html>
      <head>
            <style>
                   img {
                          max-width: 95% !important;
                          max-height: 95% !important;
                       }
            </style>
            <script>
                   function ResizeImagesToFitScreen() {
                      var images = document.getElementsByTagName('img');
                      if(images.length > 0){
                         for(var i=0; i < images.length; i++){
                             if(images[i].width >= (window.innerWidth - 10)){
                                 images[i].style.width = 'auto';
                               }
                            }
                         }
                   }
             </script>
      </head>
      <body onload='ResizeImagesToFitScreen()'>
      ----    
      </body>
</html>

Note : I chose not to use 100% for image width to account for potential padding issues.

Answer 22

Having a similar need, I found a solution using basic CSS and vanilla JavaScript as JQuery was not an option.

Here is the code snippet that worked for me:

<html>
      <head>
            <style>
                   img {
                          max-width: 95% !important;
                          max-height: 95% !important;
                       }
            </style>
            <script>
                   function ResizeImagesToFitScreen() {
                      var images = document.getElementsByTagName('img');
                      if(images.length > 0){
                         for(var i=0; i < images.length; i++){
                             if(images[i].width >= (window.innerWidth - 10)){
                                 images[i].style.width = 'auto';
                               }
                            }
                         }
                   }
             </script>
      </head>
      <body onload='ResizeImagesToFitScreen()'>
      ----    
      </body>
</html>

Note : I chose not to use 100% for image width to account for potential padding issues.

Answer 23

Answer №12

body{width: 98%; height: 98%; overflow: hidden}
img.stretch{width: 90%; height: 90%;}

If you're interested, take a look at this link:

Answer 24

body{width: 98%; height: 98%; overflow: hidden}
img.stretch{width: 90%; height: 90%;}

If you're interested, take a look at this link:

Answer 25

Answer №13

Expanding on @Rohit's response, this solution addresses Chrome-identified problems, effectively resizes images, and accommodates multiple vertically aligned images like

<img src="foo.jpg"><br><img src="bar.jpg"><br><img src="baz.jpg">

There is likely a more sophisticated approach for achieving this.

<style>
    img {
        max-width: 99vw !important;
        max-height: 99vh !important;
    }
</style>
<script>
    function FitImagesToScreen() {
        var images = document.getElementsByTagName('img');
        if(images.length > 0){
            document.styleSheets[1].rules[0].style["max-height"]=((100/images.length)-1)+"vh";
            for(var i=0; i < images.length; i++){
                if(images[i].width >= (window.innerWidth - 10)){
                    images[i].style.width = 'auto';
                }
            }
        }
    }
</script>
</HEAD>
<BODY onload='FitImagesToScreen()' onresize='FitImagesToScreen()'>
<img src="foo.png">
</BODY>

Answer 26

Expanding on @Rohit's response, this solution addresses Chrome-identified problems, effectively resizes images, and accommodates multiple vertically aligned images like

<img src="foo.jpg"><br><img src="bar.jpg"><br><img src="baz.jpg">

There is likely a more sophisticated approach for achieving this.

<style>
    img {
        max-width: 99vw !important;
        max-height: 99vh !important;
    }
</style>
<script>
    function FitImagesToScreen() {
        var images = document.getElementsByTagName('img');
        if(images.length > 0){
            document.styleSheets[1].rules[0].style["max-height"]=((100/images.length)-1)+"vh";
            for(var i=0; i < images.length; i++){
                if(images[i].width >= (window.innerWidth - 10)){
                    images[i].style.width = 'auto';
                }
            }
        }
    }
</script>
</HEAD>
<BODY onload='FitImagesToScreen()' onresize='FitImagesToScreen()'>
<img src="foo.png">
</BODY>

Answer 27

Answer №14

I came across this elegant CSS solution on w3 and decided to give it a try.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body, html {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
}

.bg {
  /* Using this image */
  background-image: url("../yourimage.jpg");

  /* Taking up full height */
  height: 100%; 

  /* Centering and scaling the image beautifully */
  background-position: center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: cover;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="bg"></div>
</body>
</html>

Answer 28

I came across this elegant CSS solution on w3 and decided to give it a try.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body, html {
  height: 100%;
  margin: 0;
}

.bg {
  /* Using this image */
  background-image: url("../yourimage.jpg");

  /* Taking up full height */
  height: 100%; 

  /* Centering and scaling the image beautifully */
  background-position: center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: cover;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="bg"></div>
</body>
</html>

Answer 29

Answer №15

Implement the following code within your style sheet

<style>
body {
  background: url(imagename) no-repeat center center fixed;
  background-size: cover;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}
</style>

Answer 30

Implement the following code within your style sheet

<style>
body {
  background: url(imagename) no-repeat center center fixed;
  background-size: cover;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: hidden;
}
</style>

Tips for scaling an image to perfectly fit the browser screen

Answer №1

Answer №2

Answer №3

Answer №4

Answer №5

Answer №6

Answer №7

Answer №8

Answer №9

Answer №10

Answer №11

Answer №12

Answer №13

Answer №14

Answer №15

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