The vertical baseline alignment is not functioning as expected

In my setup, I have a straightforward configuration:

<button>
    Lorem
</button>
<input type="text" value="Ipsum">

both positioned side by side with the help of display: inline-block:

button, input{
    height: 34px;
    line-height: 34px;
    display: inline-block;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    vertical-align: baseline;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    border: 1px solid green;
    font-size: 14px;
}

Take a look at the example here: http://jsfiddle.net/j02ypo0v/

https://i.sstatic.net/nbLC4.png

Upon observation, you may notice that there is a slight misalignment between the two elements (off by 1px).

I'm aware that adjusting vertical-align to middle would easily fix this issue, but I am curious why this discrepancy exists in the first place.
In my opinion, it seems odd that the two elements are not perfectly aligned vertically despite sharing identical CSS properties (particularly height, line-height, display, and vertical-align).

Could someone clarify where this 1px offset originates from?

Answer №1

When it comes to the alignment of text, the baseline alignment focuses on positioning the text rather than the entire element. If we closely examine the button and input elements by adding a horizontal line below the text, we will notice that the text in both elements is actually vertically aligned at the same point:

https://i.sstatic.net/EIY2u.png

While I may not be able to pinpoint the exact cause of the issue, what I can confirm is that adjusting the line-height to either 32px or 35px results in both elements aligning with each other while maintaining consistent text alignment as well:

https://i.sstatic.net/Fw464.png

It appears that there could be a discrepancy in calculations performed by the browser when using a line-height of 34px and a font-size of 14px between a button and an input element in your scenario. This theory is supported by the fact that changing the vertical-align to middle, as suggested in your question, causes the text to no longer align properly:

https://i.sstatic.net/X3jsb.png

Answer №2

The reason for this behavior is that a button acts as a replaced inline element.

According to MDN, line-height affects the height calculation of line boxes for non-replaced inline elements. However, for replaced inline elements like buttons or input elements, line-height does not have an impact.

Answer №3

To optimize the styling, consider removing the following:

  • padding: 0 as the input will already have natural padding
  • height: 34px since line-height is being used

You can view the updated layout here.

button, input{
    line-height: 34px;
    border: 1px solid green;
    font-size: 14px;
    display: inline-block;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    vertical-align: baseline;
    margin: 0;
}

A yellow div container has been added to enhance visibility.

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