The CSS selector for attribute ending with a specific value is not functioning as anticipated

I am facing an issue with selecting elements based on classes ending with either x-control-ui or y-control-ui:

<div class="x-control-ui">x-control: <output id="x-control-output"></output></div> 
<input type="range" min="-4" max="4" step="0.1" value="0" class="param x-control-ui" id="x-control">

<div class="y-control-ui">y-control: <output id="y-control-output"></output></div> 
<input type="range" min="-4" max="4" step="0.1" value="0" class="param y-control-ui" id="y-control">

When using the selector [attribute*="value"], it successfully selects all four elements:

document.querySelectorAll("[class*='-control-ui']")
NodeList(4) [div.x-control-ui.hidden, input#x-control.param.x-control-ui.hidden, div.y-control-ui.hidden, input#y-control.param.y-control-ui.hidden]

However, when changing *= to $= in the selector [attribute$="value"], no elements are being selected:

document.querySelectorAll("[class$='-control-ui']")
NodeList []

This behavior occurs despite both class names ending in control-ui.

The problem persists across various browsers like Chrome and Firefox. I have reviewed documentation and consulted other resources which confirm that the $= operator should select elements where the specified attribute (in this case, class) ends with the provided text.

Despite trying different modifications to the selector, I have not been able to resolve the issue. What could I be overlooking?

javascripthtmlcss

Answer №1

When it comes to the class attribute, it's actually a bit of an outdated solution. Typically, the classes assigned to an element are listed within this attribute value and separated by spaces; essentially just a string. (Although now in 2024, we have the classList API, which wasn't around 20 years ago.)

The beauty of the class attribute lies in the fact that the order of the classes doesn't really hold significance (aside from rare edge cases). So a class string like "something foo-control-ui" is functionally equivalent to "foo-control-ui something". As code often manipulates an element's class by adding or removing names, the actual value of the attribute might stay consistent in meaning but look different externally.

This is why selectors such as *= can identify fragments within the string effectively. However, the selection made with $= specifically targets the end of the class value. While it may work in some situations, it's generally considered quite delicate when writing code.

As mentioned in your comment, incorporating a more general class for overall characteristics followed by a specific class for precise functionality is a stronger approach. There's virtually no downside to including multiple classes - whether for styling purposes, behaviors, or other distinctions.

Answer №2

If you are experiencing issues with the selector [class$='-control-ui'], it could be because this selector is specifically looking for elements whose class attribute ends with '-control-ui'. However, in your HTML elements, the class names end with other characters such as div.x-control-ui.hidden. As a result, the $= selector may not be able to locate these elements. Consider making adjustments to your HTML.

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