In the design of my webpage, I have organized content into two columns - a left div and a right div.
The right div is styled with a grey background-color, and I am looking to make it expand vertically based on the user's browser window height. Currently, the grey background only covers the area up to the last content element within that div.
I have experimented with CSS properties like height:100%, min-height:100%;, but haven't achieved the desired outcome yet.
Discover two unique CSS 3 measurement units known as:
According to the W3 Candidate Recommendation linked above:
The viewport-percentage lengths are relative to the size of the initial containing block. These measurements adjust accordingly when the initial containing block's height or width changes.
The units include vh (viewport height), vw (viewport width), vmin (viewport minimum length), and vmax (viewport maximum length).
To achieve a divider that fills the browser height can be done using vh: Where 1vh equals 1% of the viewport's height. Thus, 100vh represents the full height of the browser window, irrespective of the element's position in the DOM tree:
<div></div>
div {
height: 100vh;
}
This simple implementation accomplishes the desired result. See a JSFiddle demo here.
Most major modern browsers currently support these units except Opera Mini. For more information on browser support, visit Can I use....
In the scenario of a layout featuring left and right dividers, see a relevant JSFiddle example demonstrating a two-column layout utilizing both vh and vw.
100vh and 100%Consider this layout setup:
<body style="height: 100%">
<div style="height: 200px">
<p style="height: 100%; display: block;">Hello, world!</p>
</div>
</body>
When setting the p tag to 100% height within a container with 200 pixels height, it equates to 200 pixels, not 100% of the body height. Contrastingly, using 100vh makes the p tag 100% height of the body regardless of the container height. To better visualize this difference, refer to this comparative JSFiddle example.
To ensure the height of a <div> or any other element is set properly, it's important to also set the height of <body> and <html> to 100%. This way, you can easily set the height of the element to 100% as well :)
Let's take a look at an example:
body, html {
height: 100%;
}
#element {
height: 100%;
}
When it comes to positioning your elements with precision,
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
is the way to go.
You have the option to utilize the view-port unit within CSS styling:
HTML:
<div id="my-div">Greetings Universe!</div>
CSS:
#my-div {
height: 100vh; /* vh represents view-port height, with a single vh being equal to 1% of screen height */
}
To ensure a responsive design, consider using the unit vh in this scenario as it is relative to 1% of the viewport height...
This means that if you wish to occupy the full vertical space, simply specify 100vh.
An illustration is provided below:
https://i.sstatic.net/g0kUu.jpg
You can test out the code snippet I have prepared for you:
.left {
height: 100vh;
width: 50%;
background-color: grey;
float: left;
}
.right {
height: 100vh;
width: 50%;
background-color: red;
float: right;
}<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div>The solution using the vh unit, as well as others, pales in comparison to the effectiveness of the flex model approach.
Thanks to the introduction of the CSS flex model, tackling the 100% height issue is now incredibly straightforward: simply apply height: 100%; display: flex to the parent element, and use flex: 1 on the child elements. They will automatically expand to fill all available space within their container.
It's remarkable how clean and uncomplicated the markup and CSS become with this method. No need for any table workarounds or complex hacks.
The flex model has widespread support among major browsers, including IE11 and above.
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
body {
display: flex;
}
.left, .right {
flex: 1;
}
.left {
background: orange;
}
.right {
background: cyan;
}<div class="left">left</div>
<div class="right">right</div>For more information on the flex model, check out this resource.
Some key details that were not mentioned include:
Here is one potential solution:
body,
div {
margin: 0;
border: 0 none;
padding: 0;
}
html,
body,
#wrapper,
#left,
#right {
height: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
}
#wrapper {
margin: 0 auto;
overflow: hidden;
width: 960px; /* Width optional */
}
#left {
background: yellow;
float: left;
width: 360px; /* Width optional, but recommended */
}
#right {
background: grey;
margin-left: 360px; /* Must agree with previous width */
}<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="wrapper">
<div id="left">
Left
</div>
<div id="right"></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>There are various ways to adjust this based on whether the columns need to be fixed or fluid. Absolute positioning can also be used, but I have generally had better cross-browser results with floats.
Here is the solution that proved effective for me:
<div style="position:fixed; top:0px; left:0px; bottom:0px; right:0px; background: red;"> </div>Implementing position:fixed instead of position:absolute ensures that the element remains fixed on the screen, expanding to fill the entire viewport even while scrolling.
Need a solution for adjusting height? Look no further.
To make the necessary adjustments in your CSS, try this:
#your-element: height: 100vh;
If you encounter issues with browsers that don't support vh-units, consider using modernizr.
Include this script to enable detection for vh-units:
// https://github.com/Modernizr/Modernizr/issues/572
// This is akin to http://jsfiddle.net/FWeinb/etnYC/
Modernizr.addTest('cssvhunit', function() {
var bool;
Modernizr.testStyles("#modernizr { height: 50vh; }", function(elem, rule) {
var height = parseInt(window.innerHeight/2, 10),
compStyle = parseInt((window.getComputedStyle ?
getComputedStyle(elem, null) :
elem.currentStyle)["height"], 10);
bool = !!(compStyle == height);
});
return bool;
});
Utilize this function to assign the viewport height to #your-object if vh-units are not supported by the browser:
$(function() {
if (!Modernizr.cssvhunit) {
var windowH = $(window).height();
$('#your-object').css({'height':($(window).height()) + 'px'});
}
});
Despite the plethora of answers provided, none seemed to fully resolve the issue at hand. I encountered difficulties when using 100vh for the height or min-height properties, as the layout would break when the content exceeded one page's length. Switching to 100% posed its own set of challenges, as the layout would break when the content fell short of the page height.
In my quest for a solution, I discovered that combining elements from the top two responses yielded success:
html, body, #mydiv {
height: 100%;
min-height: 100vh;
}
Understanding viewport units in CSS:
When setting the width of an element to 100vw, it will take up 100% of the width of the viewport.
Similarly, when setting the height to 100vh, it will occupy 100% of the height of the viewport.
To make a div match the size of the browser window, use:
For width: 100vw
For height: 100vh
If you need to adjust the size to be smaller than the full viewport, utilize the CSS calc function. Here's an example:
#example {
width: calc(100vw - 32px)
}
Give this a try - it has been tested:
body {
min-height: 100%;
}
#right, #left {
height: 100%;
}
For future updates, you can utilize vh:
#right, #left {
height: 100vh
}
100% behaves differently when applied to width versus height.
By setting width: 100%, you are instructing the element to expand to occupy 100% of the available width within its parent container or the width of the window.
On the other hand, specifying height: 100% means that the element should take up 100% of the available height within its parent container only. If no height is defined for a top-level element, its children will have a height of either 0 or the height of the parent. This is why it's important to set a min-height on the topmost element equal to the height of the window.
I always make sure to give the body a min-height of 100vh as it simplifies positioning and calculations:
body {
min-height: 100vh;
}
When it comes to web design, a full page is often referred to as a 'viewport'. In CSS 3, you have the ability to tailor elements based on this viewport size.
These units are known as viewport-percentage lengths and are relative to the initial containing block's size.
vh, where 100vh equals the entire page height.vw, where 100vw equals the entire page width.To address your issue, simply include the following code snippet in your CSS:
.classname-for-right-div /* Alternatively, you can use an ID */ {
height: 100vh;
}
You can find more details here regarding Viewport-relative lengths.
An easy method to achieve this is by following these steps.
div {
background: blue;
height: 50vh;
}
body {
padding: 10px;
}<div></div>Simply add min-height: 100% to your CSS and leave the height unspecified or set it to auto. This solution worked perfectly for me:
.container{
margin: auto;
background-color: #909090;
width: 60%;
padding: none;
min-height: 100%;
}
By defining the html and body_ height as 100%, you can ensure that it covers the entire page.
If you specify a particular div with a minimum height of 100%, it will fill the entire window like so:
CSS
html, body {
height: 100%;
}
div#some-div {
min-height: 100%;
}
Note
This method only works if the div's immediate parent is the body, since percentages are always inherited from the direct parent. By using the CSS above, you are instructing the div to inherit the full height from its direct parent (body) and set it as its min-height: 100%.
Alternative Approach
You can also simply set the div height to 100vh, which represents 100 viewport height units.
CSS
div#some-div {
height: 100vh
}
There are a variety of ways to set the height of a <div> to 100%.
Technique (X):
html,
body {
height: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
}
.div-left {
height: 100%;
width: 50%;
background: green;
}
.div-right {
height: 100%;
width: 50%;
background: gray;
}<div class="div-left"></div>
<div class="div-right"></div>Method (Y) utilizing vh:
html,
body {
height: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
}
.div-left {
height: 100vh;
width: 50%;
background: green;
float: left;
}
.div-right {
height: 100vh;
width: 50%;
background: gray;
float: right;
}<div class="div-left"></div>
<div class="div-right"></div>Strategy (Z) employing flex box:
html,
body {
height: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
}
.wrapper {
height: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
display: flex;
}
.div-left {
width: 50%;
background: green;
}
.div-right {
width: 50%;
background: gray;
}<div class="wrapper">
<div class="div-left"></div>
<div class="div-right"></div>
</div>Exciting Development in 2023
Recent advancements have revolutionized how we set element heights on mobile devices. The traditional use of 100vh has been deemed unreliable due to varying browser UI dimensions taking up screen space. Previously, JavaScript was the only solution for accurately calculating height. However, with the introduction of innovative units like dvh, lhv, and svh, achieving dynamic height is now achievable without relying on JavaScript. To delve deeper into these cutting-edge units, simply search for them online.
Check out the updated code below:
.yourElement {
height: 100vh; /* fallback */
height: 100dvh; /* dynamic viewport height */
}
One way to make both divs have the same height is by setting height:100% in the html and body elements.
html,
body {
height: 100%;
}
Another option is to use the display:flex property on the parent element to ensure equal heights for both divs.
This solution was effective for me:
html, body {
height: 100%; /* Ensures viewport stretches to full height */
}
#wrapper {
min-height: 100%; /* Sets minimum height for modern browsers */
height:auto !important; /* Important rule for modern browsers */
height:100%; /* Minimum height for Internet Explorer */
overflow: hidden !important; /* Fixes Firefox scroll-bar issue */
}
Source: This tutorial page.
Presented here is a unique solution that deviates from previous answers, offering a potential alternative approach:
body {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
height: 100vh;
margin: 0px;
}
#one {
background-color: red;
}
#two {
margin-top: 0px;
background-color: black;
color: white;
overflow-y: scroll;
}
Block elements typically span the entire width of their parent container by default.
This characteristic enables them to fulfill their design purpose, which is to stack vertically.
9.4.1 Block formatting contexts
Within a block formatting context, boxes are arranged sequentially, one below the other, starting at the top of the containing block.
However, this behavior does not apply to height.
In most cases, elements adjust their height based on content (height: auto).
Unlike width, specifying a height is necessary if additional vertical space is needed.
Therefore, it is important to remember these key points:
.Contact {
display: flex; /* full width by default */
min-height: 100vh; /* use full height of viewport, at a minimum */
}
.left {
flex: 0 0 60%;
background-color: tomato;
}
.right {
flex: 1;
background-color: pink;
}
body { margin: 0; } /* remove default margins */<div class="Contact">
<section class="left">
<div class="">
<h1>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</h1>
</div>
</section>
<section class="right">
<img />
</section>
</div>Opt for the "vh" measurement unit over "px", representing view-port height.
height: 100vh;
Utilizing CSS tables is a viable option with excellent browser compatibility, including functioning in Internet Explorer 8.
html, body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0;
}
.container {
display: table;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
.left, .right {
display: table-cell;
width: 50%;
}
.right {
background: grey;
}<div class="container">
<div class="left"></div>
<div class="right"></div>
</div>Give this a shot...
* {
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
}
.parent_div {
overflow: hidden;
clear: both;
color: #FFF;
text-align: center;
}
.left_div {
float: left;
height: 100vh;
width: 50%;
background-color: blue;
}
.right_div {
float: right;
height: 100vh;
width: 50%;
background-color: green;
}<div class=" parent_div">
<div class="left_div">Left</div>
<div class="right_div">Right</div>
</div>Explore FlexBox CSS
Flexbox is the ideal solution for tackling these types of challenges. While commonly used for arranging content horizontally, Flexbox is equally effective for vertical layouts. By simply enclosing the vertical sections in a flex container and specifying which ones to expand, they will automatically fill up all the space within their container.
To achieve a responsive layout, you can utilize the CSS properties display: flex and height: 100vh.
html, body {
height: 100%;
margin: 0px;
}
body {
display: flex;
}
.left, .right {
flex: 1;
}
.left {
background: orange;
}
.right {
background: cyan;
}<div class="left">left</div>
<div class="right">right</div>To solve this issue, make sure to follow two simple steps. First, ensure the height is set to 100%, as you have already done. Second, change the position to absolute. By completing these actions, you should see a resolution to the problem.
html,
body {
height: 100%;
min-height: 100%;
position: absolute;
}
Source
For a consistent window height, try using height: 100vh;:
<style>
.header-top {
height: 100vh;
background-color: #000;
color: #FFF;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
padding: 10px;
justify-content: space-around;
}
.header-top ul {
list-style: none;
padding: 0;
margin: 0;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
}
.header-top ul li {
padding:0px 10px;
}
</style>
<div class="header-top">
<div class="logo">Hello</div>
<ul>
<li>Menu</li>
<li>About Us</li>
<li>Contact US</li>
<li>Login</li>
</ul>
</div>
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