There are various jQueryMobile features that depend solely on the CSS file, such as the grids. While you may not have access to certain interactions, all buttons' appearances, shapes, and colors remain functional even without JavaScript.
However, it ultimately comes down to your own expectations.
If you choose to use jQueryMobile in this manner, it is important to have some understanding of how JQM operates in order to utilize the expected classes and HTML structure, as some elements are dynamically generated by JavaScript.
[a brief tangent]
Perhaps you simply find jQueryMobile too large in size?
In that case, you may consider utilizing the following resources: http://jquerymobile.com/download-builder/ to select only the necessary components, and also utilize the themeroller tool here: http://jquerymobile.com/themeroller/index.php to create a single theme (global) while removing other themes (A, B, C).
This approach can significantly reduce its size.