Setting up in Chrome is a breeze. Begin by adding your project file to a "Workspace". Simply open dev tools with Ctrl+Shift+I, click on the settings gear, and locate the Workspace option on the left.
Once you've added your Project folder to a workspace, close out of the options and head to the "Sources" tab within dev tools.
Now, load your index.html from LocalHost as usual. In the sources panel, you'll find the currently loaded page along with its resources. Right-click on your .css file, select "Map To File System Resource", and use the search box to link it to the corresponding .css file in your project folder (now part of a workspace in Chrome). This will automatically connect any other CSS and HTML files in your Project Folder.
You can now make changes in the Elements tab within Chrome Dev Tools and they will persist. The Elements tab also provides information on which css file and line each style originates from!
A major advantage of this setup is that if you're using Sass or Less, Chrome will map your Scss files back to the processed CSS styles. Just remember to enable CSS source maps when working with Sass and Less.