After sending your message to me from to my Outlook address, I replied using my Gmail and then responded back through Outlook, resulting in the following issue:
https://i.sstatic.net/2mnvj.png
However, when replying back to Gmail, everything appeared as expected.
To resolve this, I recommend adding valign="top"
to the tr and td cells within the table in question. This adjustment will ensure proper alignment of the table cells.
<!-- Start of first column -->
<td valign="top">
<table width="175" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="fluid-table">
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top" width="175" style=" border:none; text-decoration:none; color:#B5987F; font-size:14px; text-align:left; font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;" border="0">
<strong style="color:#9C1C27;">Location Nijmegen</strong><br/>
Lindenhoutseweg 69<br/>
6545 AH Nijmegen <br/>
The Netherlands
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- End of first column -->
<!-- Start of second column -->
<table width="175" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="fluid-table>
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top" width="175" style="border:none; text-decoration:none; color:#B5987F; font-size:14px; text-align:left; font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;" border="0">
<strong style="color:#9C1C27;">Location Winterswijk</strong><br/>
Industrieweg 2a<br/>
7102 DZ Winterswijk<br/>
The Netherlands
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- End of second column -->
<!-- Start of third column -->
<table width="175" align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="fluid-table">
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td valign="top" width="175" style="border:none; text-decoration:none; color:#B5987F; font-size:14px; text-align:left; font-family: Open Sans, Arial, Verdana, sans-serif;" border="0">
<a href="tel:0031-024-3775233" style="color:#B5987F;">T:0031-024-3775233</a> <br/>
<span style="text-decoration:none">F: 0031-024-3779316</span> <br/>
<a style="text-decoration:none; color:#9C1C27;" href="mailto:<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="c6b5a7aaa3b586a2a3aaa3a3b3b1aeafa2a3b5e8a8aa">[email protected]</a>"><span style="text-decoration:none;
color:#9C1C27;"><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="98ebf9f4fdebd8fcfdf4fdfdedeff0f1fcfdebb6f6f4">[email protected]</a></span></a><br/>
<a style="text-decoration:none; color:#9C1C27;" href="http://www.deleeuwhides.com"><span style="text-decoration:none; color:#9C1C27;">www.deleeuwhides.com</span></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<!-- End of third column -->
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- Start of branding identity elements -->
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" class="fluid-table">
<tr>
<td style="height:3px; width:100%; background-color:#B5987F;">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"class="fluid-table">
<tr>
<td style="height:2px; width:100%; background-color:#fff;">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" class="fluid-table">
<tr>
<td valign="middle" style="height:30px; width:100%; background-color:#9C1C27;"><center><img style="display:block;"
src="http://www.deleeuwhides.com/img/slogan-footer.png" alt="slogan"></center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<!-- End of branding identity elements-->
</td>
</tr>
`