Arrangement of HTML file script and CSS styling

After watching Doug Crockford's Theory of DOM video where he discusses the positioning of <script> tags and CSS <link> at 16:50, I began to ponder a few things. He recommends placing <script src> closer to the bottom of the body and <link> as high in the head as possible. This raised some questions for me:

1) As someone who learned JavaScript from tutorials that often placed scripts within the <head> tags after the CSS <style> tags, I wonder if the information shared in his (2006?) video is now considered outdated.

2) Do these guidelines also apply to JavaScript

<script type="text/javascript">
and CSS <style> tags? If so, what distinguishes these tags from <script src> and <link> tags?

3) When Crockford suggests minimizing the number of script files used, it raises the question of how impactful this actually is when coding a large project. While I prefer organizing my code into separate files for clarity, does clumping all JavaScript together significantly affect performance?

Crockford mentions that placement can influence performance due to how browsers handle incremental loading based on asset positions. Despite not conducting extensive performance tests myself, I haven't observed substantial changes in performance based on placement differences. It remains unclear, however, why this impacts performance and why it's crucial according to Crockford.

Answer №1

1) While the information is not necessarily outdated, it is common for people to load all their resources at once. It is recommended to load scripts towards the end of the <body> tag as loading them earlier can extend the overall load time due to browser behavior. Style-sheets are usually loaded at the beginning to ensure elements are styled progressively as the document loads.

2) The use of <script src> and <link> tags necessitates opening new connections, which can slow down load times. In contrast, inline tags like <script type> and <style> do not require additional connection openings or waiting periods.

3) Adding each script file creates a new connection that needs to be opened, so reducing the number of connections can significantly speed up site loading times.

These guidelines are particularly beneficial for improving load times on slower connections or larger projects.

Answer №2

1) When tackling a substantial project, efficiency is key. Instead of duplicating JS and CSS code on every page, consider including external files in your pages.

2) Minifying your code can significantly improve loading times.

3) Opt for using <link> tags to include CSS and <script> tags for JavaScript in your web development projects.

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