Are there any alternatives to Z-index for elements that do not have a fixed, relative, or absolute position?

Can you help me find a way to bring one element to the forefront even within a div with "display: flex" and "justify-content: space-around" properties? It seems that the typical z-index property is not working due to the absence of fixed/relative/absolute positioning on the element.
Is there a workaround to increase the z-value of this particular element?

I am trying to ensure the visibility of the hamburger menu when the navigation is opened. Below is the CSS code snippet that I am using (Note: it appears unusual because I am utilizing Sass):

const welcomeText = document.querySelector('.welcome-text');
const logo = document.querySelector('.logo');
const hamburger = document.querySelector('.hamburger');
const arrow = document.querySelector('.down-arrow');
const navLinks = document.querySelector('.nav-links');

hamburger.addEventListener('click', () => {
    navLinks.classList.toggle('open');
    hamburger.classList.toggle('open');
})
@import url("https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,500&display=swap");
* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
          box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}
/* Rest of the CSS styling removed for brevity */
/* Script and HTML snippets also omitted */

Answer №1

Before anything else, it's important to note that z-index only applies to elements with a specified position, meaning their position attribute must be set to a value other than the default (static). The display property does not play a role in this context.

Update: There is one exception to this rule - z-index will work on a flex item even if it doesn't have a specific position set

If you want to use z-index without disrupting the current layout, you can simply add position:relative to the element, as this alone won't alter the visual appearance. This means that as long as you don't provide any positional values (top/bottom/left/right), it should work seamlessly.

In your particular case, the issue isn't just about activating z-index for the hamburger icon, but also about its placement within the header element while the menu items (.nav-links) reside in the nav element. Since both header and nav are siblings here, you need to decide which one should visually appear above the other.

To make the header element above the nav element, you can assign a higher z-index value, like so:

header {
    z-index: 2; // higher than nav-links z-index (1)
    position: relative;
}

This adjustment will bring the hamburger icon to the top, along with the text 'Team Jatrian' inside the header.

Remember that z-index operates within stacking contexts:

Every stacking context has a single HTML element at its core. When a new stacking context is created on an element, all of its child elements are confined to a specific place in the stacking order. This means that if an element sits at the bottom of a stacking context, there's no way for it to appear in front of another element in a different context higher up in the order, even with an extremely high z-index!

This implies that if the header needs to be positioned above the nav, all children of the header will also be placed above those of the nav. Therefore, consider relocating the hamburger icon under a separate element if necessary.

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