I always thought that vertical-align was only meant for inline and table elements. However, I recently tried using it on a block element and it worked perfectly fine. How is this possible? Does vertical-align actually work for all types of elements or are there some exceptions?
#wrap {
border: 1px solid black;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
}
#alignTop {
vertical-align: top;
border: 1px solid black;
}<div id = 'wrap'>
<div id = 'alignTop'> alignTop </div>
</div>After researching the topic, I found valuable insights on this website:
- Historically, HTML layout lacked specification for vertical behavior. It primarily focused on width scaling, with height adjusting accordingly. Vertical sizing and layout were extensions of horizontal rules.
vertical-aligncan exhibit diverse behaviors based on its context in coding.
In table cells, vertical-align generally aligns content as expected, resembling the outdated valign. In modern browsers, these code snippets produce similar outcomes:
<td valign="middle"> <!-- avoid using valign --> </td><td style="vertical-align:middle"> ... </td><div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle"> ... </div>Applying vertical-align to inline elements introduces a different dynamic. It imitates the deprecated align attribute used on <img> elements. Modern browsers treat these code snippets similarly:
<img align="middle" ...><img style="vertical-align:middle" ...><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle"> foo<br>bar </span>Typically, block elements stack on top of each other, which means it does not work as intended.
For more information, refer to W3C
When in a block formatting context, boxes are positioned one after another vertically within a containing block. The vertical space between two sibling boxes is defined by the 'margin' properties. Vertical margins between adjacent block-level boxes in a block formatting context collapse.
You can also verify on W3C that vertical-align does not affect block elements, but is applicable only to inline-level and table-cell elements.
Value: baseline | sub | super | top | text-top | middle | bottom | text-bottom | <percentage> | <length> | inherit Initial: baseline Applies to: inline-level and 'table-cell' elements Inherited: no Percentages: refer to the 'line-height' of the element itself Media: visual Computed value: for <percentage> and <length> the absolute length, otherwise as specified
#wrap {
border: 1px solid black;
width: 500px;
height: 500px;
}
#alignTop {
vertical-align: top;
border: 1px solid black;
}
#alignMiddle {
vertical-align: middle;
border: 1px solid black;
}
#alignBottom {
vertical-align: bottom;
border: 1px solid black;
}<div id='wrap'>
<div id='alignBottom'>alignBottom</div>
<div id='alignTop'>alignTop</div>
<div id='alignMiddle'>alignMiddle</div>
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