Achieve an overlapping effect with grid items

Question

Achieve an overlapping effect with grid items

I'm in the process of creating a CSS grid layout where the header overlaps the next row.

Below is a snippet of my code with the header positioned on top, and the linked image should give you an idea of what I'm aiming for.

Thank you!

https://i.sstatic.net/8DJf4.jpg

body { 
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas: 
    "header header header"
    "nav article ads"
    "footer footer footer";
  grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px;  
  grid-template-columns: 20% 1fr 15%;
  grid-row-gap: 10px;
  grid-column-gap: 10px;
  height: 100vh;
  margin: 0;
  }  
/* Stack the layout on small devices/viewports. */
@media all and (max-width: 575px) {
  body { 
    grid-template-areas: 
      "header"
      "article"
      "ads"
      "nav"
      "footer";
    grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px 1fr 70px;  
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
 }
}
header, footer, article, nav, div {
  padding: 1.2em;
  background: gold;
  }
#pageHeader {
  grid-area: header;
  }
#pageFooter {
  grid-area: footer;
  }
#mainArticle { 
  grid-area: article;      
  }
#mainNav { 
  grid-area: nav; 
  }
#siteAds { 
  grid-area: ads; 
  }

<header id="pageHeader">Header</header>
<article id="mainArticle">Article</article>
<nav id="mainNav">Nav</nav>
<div id="siteAds">Ads</div>
<footer id="pageFooter">Footer</footer>

html css css-grid

Answer 1

Answer №1

You are utilizing the grid-template-areas attribute to organize the layout using ASCII art.

body { 
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas: 
    "header header header"
    "nav article ads"
    "footer footer footer";
  ...
}

This technique is effective for non-overlapping grid areas.

However, since strings cannot overlap in the code, this method does not support overlaying grid areas.

In simpler terms, "header header header" and "nav article ads" can be stacked above and below each other on the X and Y axes, but not the Z axis.

To achieve overlapping grid areas, an alternative method is required.

CSS Grid offers line-based placement as a substitute for grid-template-areas.

Line-based placement involves utilizing the following properties to specify a grid item's size and position:

grid-row-start
grid-row-end
grid-column-start
grid-column-end

and the shorthands:

grid-column
grid-row

body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px;
  grid-template-columns: 20% 1fr 15%;
  grid-gap: 10px;       /* shorthand for grid-row-gap and grid-column-gap */
  height: 100vh;
  margin: 0;
}
#pageHeader {
  grid-row: 1;          /* see notes below */
  grid-column: 1 / 4;   /* see notes below */
  background-color: crimson;
  z-index: 1;
  opacity: .5;
}
#pageFooter {
  grid-row: 3;
  grid-column: 1 / 4;
}
#mainArticle {
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
  grid-column: 2 / 3;
}
#mainNav {
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
  grid-column: 1 / 2;
}
#siteAds {
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
  grid-column: 3 / 4;
}
header, footer, article, nav, div {
  padding: 1.2em;
  background: gold;
}

<header id="pageHeader">Header</header>
<article id="mainArticle">Article</article>
<nav id="mainNav">Nav</nav>
<div id="siteAds">Ads</div>
<footer id="pageFooter">Footer</footer>

The grid-row and grid-column properties determine the location and dimensions of grid items.

grid-column: 1 / 4 indicates that the grid item spans from column lines one to four (covering the first, second, and third columns)
grid-row: 3 specifies that the grid item is positioned on row three (from row line 3 to auto, default when the second value is omitted.)

Using this positioning method for grid items allows for easy overlapping.

jsFiddle

Answer 2

You are utilizing the grid-template-areas attribute to organize the layout using ASCII art.

body { 
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas: 
    "header header header"
    "nav article ads"
    "footer footer footer";
  ...
}

This technique is effective for non-overlapping grid areas.

However, since strings cannot overlap in the code, this method does not support overlaying grid areas.

In simpler terms, "header header header" and "nav article ads" can be stacked above and below each other on the X and Y axes, but not the Z axis.

To achieve overlapping grid areas, an alternative method is required.

CSS Grid offers line-based placement as a substitute for grid-template-areas.

Line-based placement involves utilizing the following properties to specify a grid item's size and position:

grid-row-start
grid-row-end
grid-column-start
grid-column-end

and the shorthands:

grid-column
grid-row

body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px;
  grid-template-columns: 20% 1fr 15%;
  grid-gap: 10px;       /* shorthand for grid-row-gap and grid-column-gap */
  height: 100vh;
  margin: 0;
}
#pageHeader {
  grid-row: 1;          /* see notes below */
  grid-column: 1 / 4;   /* see notes below */
  background-color: crimson;
  z-index: 1;
  opacity: .5;
}
#pageFooter {
  grid-row: 3;
  grid-column: 1 / 4;
}
#mainArticle {
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
  grid-column: 2 / 3;
}
#mainNav {
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
  grid-column: 1 / 2;
}
#siteAds {
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
  grid-column: 3 / 4;
}
header, footer, article, nav, div {
  padding: 1.2em;
  background: gold;
}

<header id="pageHeader">Header</header>
<article id="mainArticle">Article</article>
<nav id="mainNav">Nav</nav>
<div id="siteAds">Ads</div>
<footer id="pageFooter">Footer</footer>

The grid-row and grid-column properties determine the location and dimensions of grid items.

grid-column: 1 / 4 indicates that the grid item spans from column lines one to four (covering the first, second, and third columns)
grid-row: 3 specifies that the grid item is positioned on row three (from row line 3 to auto, default when the second value is omitted.)

Using this positioning method for grid items allows for easy overlapping.

jsFiddle

Answer 3

Answer №2

To accomplish your desired outcome, consider implementing multiple solutions.

Solution one
One approach is to utilize the CSS styling position: fixed on the header. This will keep the header at the top of the page even when scrolling down. You can enhance this by setting the header's opacity to 0.8 and increasing it to 1 on hover for a nice effect.

Example of Solution one

    body {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-areas:
                "header header header"
                "nav article ads"
                "footer footer footer";
        grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px;
        grid-template-columns: 20% 1fr 15%;
        grid-row-gap: 10px;
        grid-column-gap: 10px;
        height: 100vh;
        margin: 0;
    }
    /* Responsive layout for small devices/viewports */
    @media all and (max-width: 575px) {
        body {
            grid-template-areas:
                    "header"
                    "article"
                    "ads"
                    "nav"
                    "footer";
            grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px 1fr 70px;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }
    header, footer, article, nav, div {
        padding: 1.2em;
        background: gold;
    }
    #pageHeader {
        grid-area: header;
        z-index: 1999;
        position: fixed;
        background-color: orange;
        width: 100%;
        opacity: 0.8;
    }
    #pageHeader:hover {
        opacity: 1;
    }
    #pageFooter {
        grid-area: footer;
    }
    #mainArticle {
        grid-area: article;
    }
    #mainNav {
        grid-area: nav;
        height: 2000px;
    }
    #siteAds {
        grid-area: ads;
    }

<header id="pageHeader">Header</header>
<article id="mainArticle">Article</article>
<nav id="mainNav">Nav</nav>
<div id="siteAds">Ads</div>
<footer id="pageFooter">Footer</footer>

Solution two
Another method involves using negative margins beneath the header. By applying <div id="main-content"> to content below the header with a negative top margin such as margin-top: -100px;, you can achieve the desired effect.

Example of Solution two

    body {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-areas:
                "header header header"
                "nav article ads"
                "footer footer footer";
        grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px;
        grid-template-columns: 20% 1fr 15%;
        grid-row-gap: 10px;
        grid-column-gap: 10px;
        height: 100vh;
        margin: 0;
    }
    /* Responsive layout for small devices/viewports */
    @media all and (max-width: 575px) {
        body {
            grid-template-areas:
                    "header"
                    "article"
                    "ads"
                    "nav"
                    "footer";
            grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px 1fr 70px;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }
    header, footer, article, nav, div {
        padding: 1.2em;
        background: gold;
    }
    #pageHeader {
        grid-area: header;
        background-color: orange;
        opacity: 0.8;
    }
    #pageFooter {
        grid-area: footer;
    }
    #mainArticle {
        margin-top: -100px;
        grid-area: article;
    }
    #mainNav {
        margin-top: -100px;
        grid-area: nav;
    }
    #siteAds {
        margin-top: -100px;
        grid-area: ads;
    }

<header id="pageHeader">Header</header>
<article id="mainArticle">Article</article>
<nav id="mainNav">Nav</nav>
<div id="siteAds">Ads</div>
<footer id="pageFooter">Footer</footer>

Answer 4

To accomplish your desired outcome, consider implementing multiple solutions.

Solution one
One approach is to utilize the CSS styling position: fixed on the header. This will keep the header at the top of the page even when scrolling down. You can enhance this by setting the header's opacity to 0.8 and increasing it to 1 on hover for a nice effect.

Example of Solution one

    body {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-areas:
                "header header header"
                "nav article ads"
                "footer footer footer";
        grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px;
        grid-template-columns: 20% 1fr 15%;
        grid-row-gap: 10px;
        grid-column-gap: 10px;
        height: 100vh;
        margin: 0;
    }
    /* Responsive layout for small devices/viewports */
    @media all and (max-width: 575px) {
        body {
            grid-template-areas:
                    "header"
                    "article"
                    "ads"
                    "nav"
                    "footer";
            grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px 1fr 70px;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }
    header, footer, article, nav, div {
        padding: 1.2em;
        background: gold;
    }
    #pageHeader {
        grid-area: header;
        z-index: 1999;
        position: fixed;
        background-color: orange;
        width: 100%;
        opacity: 0.8;
    }
    #pageHeader:hover {
        opacity: 1;
    }
    #pageFooter {
        grid-area: footer;
    }
    #mainArticle {
        grid-area: article;
    }
    #mainNav {
        grid-area: nav;
        height: 2000px;
    }
    #siteAds {
        grid-area: ads;
    }

<header id="pageHeader">Header</header>
<article id="mainArticle">Article</article>
<nav id="mainNav">Nav</nav>
<div id="siteAds">Ads</div>
<footer id="pageFooter">Footer</footer>

Solution two
Another method involves using negative margins beneath the header. By applying <div id="main-content"> to content below the header with a negative top margin such as margin-top: -100px;, you can achieve the desired effect.

Example of Solution two

    body {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-areas:
                "header header header"
                "nav article ads"
                "footer footer footer";
        grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px;
        grid-template-columns: 20% 1fr 15%;
        grid-row-gap: 10px;
        grid-column-gap: 10px;
        height: 100vh;
        margin: 0;
    }
    /* Responsive layout for small devices/viewports */
    @media all and (max-width: 575px) {
        body {
            grid-template-areas:
                    "header"
                    "article"
                    "ads"
                    "nav"
                    "footer";
            grid-template-rows: 80px 1fr 70px 1fr 70px;
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }
    header, footer, article, nav, div {
        padding: 1.2em;
        background: gold;
    }
    #pageHeader {
        grid-area: header;
        background-color: orange;
        opacity: 0.8;
    }
    #pageFooter {
        grid-area: footer;
    }
    #mainArticle {
        margin-top: -100px;
        grid-area: article;
    }
    #mainNav {
        margin-top: -100px;
        grid-area: nav;
    }
    #siteAds {
        margin-top: -100px;
        grid-area: ads;
    }

<header id="pageHeader">Header</header>
<article id="mainArticle">Article</article>
<nav id="mainNav">Nav</nav>
<div id="siteAds">Ads</div>
<footer id="pageFooter">Footer</footer>

Achieve an overlapping effect with grid items

Answer №1

jsFiddle

Answer №2

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